The Relationship of Religious Orientation with Happiness and Resilience and the Mediational Role of Locus of Control (original) (raw)
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Religious Orientation and Its Relation to Locus of control and depression
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Practice in Clinical Psycholoy (JPCP), 2023
The present study was designed to examine the college student's mental health prediction model based on religious faith mediated by happiness, ambivalent attachment style, and locus of control. Methods: The study method was correlational. The statistical population included all college students of Shiraz University in the academic year of 2013-2014. The sample included 240 college students selected by convenience sampling method. Measures included the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28, 1979), the religious faith scale (RFS, 2014), the Oxford happiness inventory (OHI, 1989), the Collins and Read revised adult attachment scale (RAAS, 1990), and the Rotter's locus of control scale (RLCS, 1966). The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis, and structural equation modeling methods. Results: The data were analyzed by multiple regression, path analysis, and structural equation modeling methods. The study results showed that the variables of religious faith (P=0.0001, β=0.29), happiness variable (P=0.0001, β=0.37), and ambivalent attachment (P=0.0001, β=0.29) can positively and significantly predict mental health. Likewise, religious faith positively and significantly predicted happiness (P=0.0001, β=0.54) and negatively and significantly predicted ambivalent attachment (P=0.0001, β=-0.21). The religious faith could not predict the locus of control. The mediating role of happiness was confirmed. However, the mediating role of ambivalent attachment style and locus of control was not confirmed. Conclusion: The modified model confirmed the mediating role of happiness between religious faith and mental health. Therefore, those components of faith that lead to happiness may be a protective marker for mental health.
This study examined whether core self-evaluations (CSE), a personality-based construct, mediates the association between religious involvement and subjective well-being (i.e., physical and psychological). Furthermore, investigates whether the indirect relation of religious involvement to well-being through CSE is conditional on age group (elderly vs. adults). Two different samples were examined: an elderly (N ¼ 300) and an adult community sample (N ¼ 294). To determine whether the strength of these effects depend on (moderated by) age group, we used multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping framework to probe conditional indirect (i.e., moderated mediation) effects. The results showed that CSE mediates the relationship between religious involvement (i.e., religious attendance and intrinsic religiosity) and both aspects of subjective well-being. However, the moderated mediation models revealed that this mechanism exists only for elderly. Implications of these results for improving the quality of life in elderly are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
A Correlational Study of Spirituality and Locus of Control
isara solutions, 2019
The present study is concerned with the investigation of relationship among gender, spirituality and locus of control. It is often observed that in enhancing and improving quality of life spirituality and religion play crucial role. For this research 60 male and 60 female young adults were selected randomly. With the help of Spirituality Scale and Locus of Control Scale data was collected. The results of this study showed that gender is not a significant factor in determining the locus of control orientations, but it is in determining the spirituality level of young adults. The level of spirituality also was found to play mildly significant role in locus of control orientation, as people with high spirituality tend to show little higher internal locus of control in comparison of those with low spirituality level.
Religiousness and mental health reconsidered: A study of an intrinsically religious sample
Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1987
Despite the existence of strong viewpoints, the relation between religiousness and mental health is not yet clearly understood. The Religious Orientation Scale has provided researchers with a valuable tool for differentiating between intrinsic (/) and extrinsic (E) religious orientations, thereby clarifying some of the confusion in this area. In the present study we assessed correlations between these two scales and anxiety, personality traits, self-control, irrational beliefs, and depression. Results generally indicated that / is negatively correlated with anxiety and positively correlated with self-control and "better" personality functioning, whereas the opposite is true of E. Correlations were generally not found with irrational beliefs or depression. By dividing subjects into a fourfold typology, we discovered that 98.6% of the present sample of religious students were "intrinsics." When their personality scores wer6 compared with those of other normal populations, trends slightly favoring this intrinsic sample were observed. Thus, these results indicated that / is related to "normality" and that religiousness is not necessarily indicative of emotional disturbance. Some implications for counseling are suggested.
Religious Well-Being and Self-Control : A Preliminary Study on University Students
This study examined the relationship between religious well-being and self-control among a group of university students. This study tested the hypothesis that religious well-being has positive correlation with self-control. The Religious Well-Being Subscale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982) and SelfControl Scale (Tangney dkk, 2004) as administered to 145 Universitas Islam Indonesia students, ages 17-23, consist of 19% men and 81% women. Results indicate statistically significant positive effect of Religious Well-Being on Self-Control. Research findings, limitations, and recommendations are briefly discussed.
Association Between Religiosity and Happiness Among a Group of Muslim Undergraduate Students
Journal of Religion and Health, 2011
Association between religiosity and happiness in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis Associação entre religiosidade e felicidade em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise Objetivos: Religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) parecem ser fatores relevantes na adaptação a doenças crônicas, mas faltam estudos nessa área envolvendo pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre R/E e felicidade em pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise e se o senso de coerência (SC) faz a mediação dessa possível associação. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em dois centros de terapia renal substitutiva no Brasil com 161 adultos em hemodiálise. Regressões lineares foram utilizadas para avaliar a associação entre R/E (variável preditora medida pelo Índice de Religiosidade de Duke-DUREL) e felicidade (variável de desfecho), ajustadas para variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e algumas variáveis laboratoriais. Posteriormente, o SC foi acrescentado ao modelo para testar seu possível efeito mediador. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (91,20%) relatou alguma afiliação religiosa. Religiosidade Privada (RP) (β = 0,53; IC 95% = 0,01 a 1,06) e Religiosidade Intrínseca (RI) (β = 0,48; IC 95% = 0,18 a 0,79) e SC (β = 0,11; IC 95% =-0,09 a 0,15) foram correlacionadas a níveis mais elevados de felicidade após controle para variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas. Quando SC foi incluído no modelo, IR (β = 0.34; 95% IC = 0.07 a 0.60) and SC (β = 0.11; 95% IC = 0.08 a 0.14) continuaram se correlacionando significativamente com felicidade. Nenhuma variável clínica ou sociodemográfica apresentou correlação com felicidade. Conclusões: Os pacientes em hemodiálise apresentaram altos níveis de R/E, que por sua vez foi correlacionada com elevados níveis de felicidade. As variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas não exibiram correlação com a felicidade dos pacientes. Variáveis psicossociais como R/E e SC são possíveis alvos para intervenções destinadas a promover a melhora da qualidade de sobrevida dos pacientes com DRC. Resumo Objectives: Religiosity/spirituality (R/S) seems to be a relevant factor in chronic diseases adaptation, but there is a lack of studies involving chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate the association between R/S and happiness among CKD patients on hemodialysis and whether Sense of Coherence (SC) mediates this possible association. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in two renal replacement therapy centers in Brazil, involving 161 adults on hemodialysis. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association between R/S (predicting variable measured with Duke Religious Index-DU-REL) and happiness (outcome variable), adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and some laboratory variables. Later, SC was added to the model to test the possible mediating effect. Results: Most patients (91.20%) reported some religious affiliation. Private Religiosity (PR) (β = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.01 a 1.06), Intrinsic Religiosity (IR) (β = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.18 a 0.79), and SC (β = 0.11; 95% CI =-0.09 a 0.15) correlated with higher levels of happiness, controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables. When SC was included in the model, IR (β = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.60) and SC (β = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.14) remained significantly. No clinical or sociodemographic variable correlated with happiness. Conclusions: Patients on hemodialysis showed high levels of R/S, which correlated with higher happiness levels. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were not correlated with patients' happiness. Psychosocial variables such as R/S and SC are potential key targets for interventions to promote better survival quality among CKD patients.
Religious orientation, religious coping and happiness among UK adults
Personality and Individual Differences, 2005
It has been demonstrated that the relationship between religiosity and happiness varies according to the precise measures used and the samples studied. To examine further the generalisability of this association the present work examined the relationship between religiosity and happiness within the context of the distinction between subjective and psychological well-being. One hundred and thirty eight UK adults completed two measures of both religiosity (the ÔAge UniversalÕ Religious Orientation Scale [Intrinsic and Extrinsic subscales] and the Religious Coping Scale [Positive and Negative subscales]) and happiness (the Depression-Happiness Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form). In general, no significant associations were found between religiosity scores and happiness scores. However, both higher intrinsic orientation scores and positive religious coping were significantly associated with higher scores on the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short-Form. It is proposed that these differential findings are consistent with the theoretical distinction between subjective and psychological well-being. It is suggested that when religiosity is related to happiness, it is related to psychological well-being, which is thought to reflect human development, positive functioning and existential life challenges.