Performance of Embroidered Higher-Order Mode Antennas with Different Stitching Patterns (original) (raw)

Double-Layer Embroidery Strategy for Fabrication of Textile Antennas with Improved Efficiency

In this paper, two approaches in fabricating textile antennas with double-layer embroidery technique, as one of the way to increase the textile antennas' efficiency, are discussed and compared. In the first approach, a conductive thread is used for both the upper and lower (bobbin) threads, while in the second, the conductive thread is used only for the lower thread but the embroidery process is done twice. To study the effect of each approach, two embroidered rectangular patch antennas operating at 2.45 GHz ISM band were fabricated and measured. The embroidered layers were then placed on top of a 3.175 mm thick Rogers TMM3 substrate, tested, and compared with an etched copper version of the patch antenna. The results show that both approaches give a comparable radiation performance to the etched copper version with a slightly higher efficiency in the first one. However, the second approach allows faster and cost efficient fabrication.

Effect of the fabrication parameters on the performance of embroidered antennas

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2013

Simulated and measured microstrip patch antennas produced using embroidery techniques have been presented. The antennas use a standard microwave substrate material. The effect of stitch direction and stitch density is described and a clear requirement to understand how the currents flow in an antenna, so that the stitch direction can be correctly chosen is shown. Two different simulation approaches for these antennas are discussed and one is linked to measurement results, pointing to a simplified model for simulating embroidered patch antennas.

Embroidered wearable antennas using conductive threads with different stitch spacings

2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), 2012

This paper is focused on using conductive threads to design flexible antennas with textile features which means antennas can be embroidered directly into normal clothes. The fabric microstrip antennas are made from commercial conductive threads. The gain and efficiency of fabric antennas have been measured and compared with a reference copper patch antenna. Effects from different stitches geometries within the fabric antenna are discussed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of wearable antennas.

Considerations on Embroidered Textile Antennas for Wearable Applications

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013

Planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) made of woven conductive textiles and of patterns embroidered with conductive threads are investigated. The influence of conductive thread density on antenna properties is considered in both cases. The effect of lockstitch on antenna resonant frequency is quantified. A metallic button is proposed as the transition between textile antennas and classical circuits. A full-textile prototype of a PIFA is designed and shown to operate properly in the ISM 2.4 band.

Embroidery and Related Manufacturing Techniques for Wearable Antennas: Challenges and Opportunities

Electronics, 2014

This paper will review the evolution of wearable textile antennas over the last couple of decades. Particular emphasis will be given to the process of embroidery. This technique is advantageous for the following reasons: (i) bespoke or mass produced designs can be manufactured using digitized embroidery machines; (ii) glue is not required and (iii) the designs are aesthetic and are integrated into clothing rather than being attached to it. The embroidery technique will be compared to alternative manufacturing processes. The challenges facing the industrial and public acceptance of this technology will be assessed. Hence, the key opportunities will be highlighted.

Embroidered Wire Dipole Antennas Using Novel Copper Yarns

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2014

This letter presents a method of fabricating wearable antennas by embroidering novel fine copper yarn. In this work, fine copper wires are first twisted together to create a physically strong and yet flexible thread. A digital embroidery machine was used to create dipole antennas. The dc resistance of the antenna arms along with the return loss, radiation patterns, and efficiency of the antennas have been measured. The results are compared to embroidered dipoles using commercially available conductive threads and etched copper antennas.

Fabrication techniques for wearable antennas

This paper investigates the use of different techniques and conductive materials for the fabrication of textile patch antennas. Experimental results referring to the use of a conductive thread, an adhesive copper tape and an adhesive conductive non-woven fabric are reported and discussed. Reported results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed prototypes to be used for wearable applications.

Addressing the challenges of fabricating microwave antennas using conductive threads

2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012

This paper examines the advantages and challenges of creating microwave patch antennas using conducting threads. The antennas are produced using automated embroidery machinery that could be easily scaled up to mass manufacture. Textile patch antennas are designed that resonate between 2 and 2.7GHz depending on the substrate. Different stitch directions and compositions were considered. Measured gain and efficiency results are included in this paper.

Investigations of Embroidery Antennas on Polymer Substrate

2018

For everyday human life, people desire to stay connected via an advanced wireless network. Although cellular phone is worthy in various applications, people are likely to carry a wide range of mobile devices and constantly connect with each other. Future communication network requires a new class of frontends electronic devices that are small, lightweight , conformal, multi-functional but also environment-friendly, inexpensive and good performance. In different aspects, once of the key factors to achieve this goal is to integrate the wireless antenna into garments as daily clothes and enhance its durability. Consequently, these wearable antennas need not only possess good RF performance characteristics but also mechanical structure which adaptable to conformity and durability. This dissertation presents a novel class embroidery patch antenna on I am deeply indebted to my supervisor, Dr. Pei Cheng Ooi, who has inspired me to undertake the work presented herein. I would like to appreciate her for her kindness and time spent throughout the years by carefully reviewing my work and manuscripts. Her constant encouragement, valuable suggestions, patience and guidance have been a valuable asset in my research. I would also like to express my gratitude to my examiner Dr. Amin Malek Mohammadi for his thorough examination of my thesis. His valuable suggestions and comments have not only led to an improved thesis, but also will have significant impact on my future research path. A special thank must be made to my co-supervisor Dr. Jit Kai Chin and Dr. Linus Lau from CST Malaysia for their time and advices on my research. Their willingness of listening to the electromagnetic problems has brought great discussion for my project. I would also like to acknowledge my appreciation to Malaysia government, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) for the sponsorship and the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus for providing me laboratory and equipment that support me to finish my research. Words seem not enough for me to express my heartfelt appreciation to my family, my mom Mrs. Thuy Nguyen and my sweety Ms. Chuong Le for their encouragement, warm support through tough times and always. I am also pleased to send my regards to Ms. Nguyen Ngo for her assistance in drawing images, my perfect partners Ms. June, Dr. Renu, Dr. Cat, my VFT fellow together with all of my friends, 105 full house, my sisters and brothers in UN for their great kindness during my research journey.