Modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adults –a cross sectional descriptive study (original) (raw)
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International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2019
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases (NCD). Many people in developing countries are detected late and die from NCDs, often in their most productive years. Prevention of CVD is an essential step to control the epidemic of NCDs. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of risk factors and to estimate the risk of CVD in the next 10 years.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 608 individuals aged ≥40 years in rural area of Mysuru. Data was collected using Semi structured questionnaire and 10 year CVD risk was estimated using World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction charts.Results: A total of 608 study participants (mean age 56.76±11.07 years; Male:Female ratio 1.2:1) were included in the study. The prevalence of tobacco (32.9%) and alcohol (20.1%) consumption was significantly higher among males compared with females. Hypertensio...
International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2016
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the world. The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular risk factors in population from urban and sub urban areas of eastern part of Odisha, India. Methods: We conducted an observational study; total 67 individuals (21 women, 46 men) were recruited from the population, aged 30 to 59 years, to evaluate their cardiovascular risk factors by pre-designed structured questionnaire and clinical and laboratory data were collected over a period of 6 months. Results: The prevalence of major CVD risk factors was: hypertension 28.3%, diabetes 38.8%, elevated total cholesterol/HDL ratio 38.8 %, obesity 62.6 % and current smoking 28.3%.The score of ≥4 was obtained more among the 40-49 year old age group than the 30-39 and 50-59 year old age groups (≥2) and the risk factor score of ≥3 was significantly more in the higher income group as compared with the lower income group (74% vs. 26%). A high-risk dietary pattern was found to be significantly more in the literate group as compared with the illiterate group (32.2% vs. 25%). Conclusions: This study concludes that the high prevalence of CVD and its risk factors is due to lack of awareness and special attention should be given to changing life style and dietary control among a comparatively young male population from urban and sub urban areas of eastern part of Odisha.
Background: In today's world around 36 million deaths are due non communicable diseases (NCD) of which around 17 million are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). More significantly nearly one third of deaths occurs in middle aged groups. This study tries to find out risk factors leading to CVD. Aims and objectives :(1) To study the socio demographic profile of patients and life style related risk factors that causes CVD among patients admitted in cardiology department, RIMS. Methodology: Study design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Place of study:Cardiology inpatient department, RIMS. Duration of study: July-August, 2017. Sample size: 147.Sampling technique:Consecutive sampling. Data collection: pretested questionnaire. Results: Around 2/3 rd of the patients were males with more than above 65 years. Maximum of 63 % of them were retired or unemployed. Around 60 % of participants were sedentary workers and around 2/3 rd of the participants slept less than 8 hours a day.Alcoholics and smokers were found to be at higher risk. Of allnon-vegetarians constituted more than half of the cases and those using Vanaspati as cooking media were at higher risk. Maximum of the participants (73.5%) had hypercholesterolemia, out of which many (47.22%) were hypercholesterolemic for more than 5 years. Conclusions: Disease occurred in majority of people belonging to urban areas, who were either retired/unemployed or were leading a sedentary life. Smoking also contributed maximally in occurrence of CVD. Nearly half of the patients were alcohol consumers and disease occurred maximum in chronic alcoholics. Majority of the patients were non vegetarians and consumed increased amount of saturated fats. Owing to this most of them were hypercholesterolemic. Hypertensives and diabetics were more prone to develop CVD.
Population Based Survey Study Associated With Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In India
CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research, 2020
The present study was conducted on 204 individuals of different regions of Chandigarh, Mohali, Panchkula, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, India, to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in targeted population. Population survey based study was carried out in people grouped in three age groups (Group 1: <18 years, Group 2: Between 18-40 years, Group 3: Above 40). Cardiovascular risk assessment questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of risk factors via goggle forms and manually filling the same forms. Among risk factors 8.8 percent persons from our targeted population encountered with heart attack, angina, abnormal Heart Rhythm with significant hike in CVD cases was observed in group 3 individuals. Incidence of high blood pressure was observed in 32.4%, 4.9% are normal and 62.7% are unaware of their blood pressure status. Similarly, majority of the population 42.6% are not aware of their...
Prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular risk factors in a population in India
Heart Asia, 2017
background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in India. Since it is largely driven by risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and smoking, it is important to study the treatment cascade for these conditions and identify areas for improvement. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from Project SEHAT (Study to Enhance Heart Associated Treatments), an ongoing cluster randomised controlled trial testing the hypothesis that a community health worker-led intervention can improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors in a community in West Bengal, India. For the baseline data, 3556 adults, between the ages of 35 and 70, were screened for hypertension, diabetes and smoking. For hypertension and diabetes, an elevated reading was confirmed on a repeat visit. results 18.3% (n=650), 9.0% (n=317) and 14.1% (n=500) of adults were diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes and smoking, respectively. Overall, 35.0% (n=1242) adults had at least one of the three risk factors. 55.1% (n=358) of participants with hypertension and 40.4% (n=128) of participants with diabetes were unaware of their respective condition. 36.6% (n=238) of those with hypertension and 58.0% (n=184) of diabetics were on treatment. 8.2% (n=53) hypertensives were controlled (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg) while 13.6% (n=43) diabetics were controlled (defined as fasting blood sugar <126 mg/dL). Less than 1% diabetics were on insulin, and average number of medications for a patient with hypertension was 1.2. conclusions In our population in semiurban India, one in three adults have a major cardiovascular risk factor, with low control rates. There is a large burden of undiagnosed cardiovascular risk factors and a large gap between treatment and control, which may be explained by lack of treatment intensification.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is routinely carried out in developed countries. The aim was to study the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwada population.Methods: A total of 652 subjects (male-328; female-324) with an age group 15-64 years from rural and urban areas of Dharwad population were selected for the present study. Pregnant women, severe chronic illness, bedridden patients and subjects who refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Age-sex, religion educational status, and occupation, type of family, socioeconomic status followed by a questionnaire on the use of tobacco, alcohol were collected and tabulated.Results: Subjects with tobacco smoking habit were 30 (9.2%) in the urban area which was more in comparison to 11 (3.4%) in the rural area. In the urban area, tobacco usage was more among males (62.9%) and unemployed (55.9%) and it was found to be s...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2016
Introduction: Several factors appear likely to have contributed to the acceleration of CHD epidemic in India like demographic transition to an older population, as a result of increasing life expectancy and confluence of both conventional risk factors and non-conventional risk factors in Indians. Material and methods: It was a cross-sectional study, carried out in three villages of a PHC. A total of 3771 study subjects aged 15 years and above were included in the study. It was conducted from July 2007 to December 2009. We examined the prevalence of CHD using WHO Rose Angina questionnaire and various risk factors of NCDs in central part of India using the WHO STEP approach. Results: Prevalence of Coronary heart disease (affirmative response to ROSE questionnaire) among the study subject was 226 (6.0 %). In males it was 123 (6.3 %) while in females it was 103 (5.7 %). This difference was not found to be statistically significant (c2=0.529, df=1, P= 0.467). Conclusion: Risk factors for coronary heart disease which were higher among males were Smoking, smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption. While hypertension, Obesity (BMI≥25kg/m2), sedentary type of physical activity, low fruits and vegetable consumption were the risk factors which were higher among females.