Ayurvedic Treatment of Poisoning: Contemporary Scenario (original) (raw)
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Preclinical Evaluation of Antidotal Property of Mritasanjeevana agada in Poisoning- A Study Protocol
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Background: As the poisoning is becoming a threat to rural India, it is necessary to increase the survival time to avail the primary treatment. For the treatment of poisoning, Agada is described in Ayurveda as an antidote. Agada is a polyherbal or herbomineral formulation constituted with combination antitoxic drugs along with some antioxidant, immunomodulator or hepatoprotective drugs. But they need to be revalidated for their efficacy and safety on the basis of contemporary assessment parameters Aim: Evaluation of antidotal property of Mritasanjivana Agada in poisoning. Objectives: To increase the survival time after the administration of Mritasanjivana Agada in snake venom and aluminium phosphide poisoning in albino mice. To compare the efficacy of Mritasanjivana Agada and Anti-snake venom as an antidote. To standardize the Mritasanjivana Agada. Methodology: Mritasanjeevana Agada will be prepared and standardized. Cobra venom poisoning and aluminium phosphide poisoning have been ...
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, 2016
Snake envenomation is considered to be one of the most important global health issues and snakebite remains an underestimated cause of accidental death in modern India. Because a large proportion of global totals of snakebites arise from India. It is estimated that in India alone, there are more than 2, 00,000 venomous bites per year, of which 35,000–50,000 are fatal. Globally, traditional healers are practicing siddha preparations to cure snake envenomations. Siddha system of medicine has number of formulations which are effective against snake bite. One such novel formulation is Aathisesha vishahara maathirai (AVM), however, the documentation on standardization of such formulation is very minimal, as a measure of understanding the current need of drug standardization the present study was undertaken to prepare and systematically standardize the formulation AVM by sophisticated instrumentation techniques as per AYUSH guidelines. The results obtained from physiochemical analysis clearly reveals that total ash value of AVM is about 8.40% in which acid insoluble ash is 0.35%. Extraction value of drugs renders most significant information about partition of the active component the results of extract value study shows that alcohol soluble extract of AVM is 5.89% and water soluble extract is 6.99%. Similarly disintegration time of AVM is 21 mins and uniformity of weight is about 0.704 gms. Phytochemical evaluation of AVM shows the presence of bio-active phyto components such as alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, polyphenols and proteins. Results of ICPMS analysis reveals the presence of arsenic, mercury and cadmium within the prescribed limit. Total bacterial count of AVM was< 250 CFU/G and total fungal count was < 20 CFU/G further with respect to the toxins there is an absence of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2was observed from the results. It is essential for a formulation to be free from pesticide residues in order to ensure this AVM was subjected to GC MS and LC MS analysis and the results clearly indicates that pesticide level in AVM is below the limit of quantification (BLQ). From the results of the study it was concluded that the formulation like AVM may act as a potential antidote for snake venom and the efficacy of the drug relies on the presence of potential phytocomponents.
Indigenous poison healing traditions in Kerala
Indian Journal of History of Science, 2023
Prior to the emergence of modern medicine as a universal method for all diseases across cultures, and geography-specific methods of treatment existed in various regions. It is not to argue here that these cultural particularities in the treatment of diseases totally disappeared. Under the pressure of modern medicine, pre-modern methods reformed, reformulated and re-emerged as a hybrid system to survive and sustain. The history of snake poison healing in Kerala is sufficient for this argument. The modern and indigenous (consisting of textual and folk) poison healing methods have simultaneously been in existence in the state. The viṣavaidyam (poison treatment), an anti-snake venom treatment practiced by different sections of people with known herbs is plural in nature. However, Ayurveda takes second place in authority and hierarchy of treatments because of the textualization of the treatment methods. Other methods lack such authority. However, due to the presence of poisonous reptiles all over Kerala, the practice of different treatment methods by different castes and communities' points to the inclusiveness of the poison healing system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present an overview of the native poison healers and their healing systems in Kerala, with special attention to their traditions and present condition.
ACUTE AND SUB ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY ON SIDDHA FORMULATION AYAVEERA CHENDURUM
Vitiligo is a cosmetic problem which affects the self-esteem of the patient and accounts for great deal of socio stigmatic suffering and incapacity. A traditional herbomineral formulation Ayaveera Chendurum [AVC] has been used to treat Vitiligo as per SR Pharmacopeia. The present study was carried out to evaluate the safety profile of AVC as per OECD guidelines 423 & 407. The clinical trial has been approved by IEC [IEC NO: GSMCCH/1/2013/014] and preclinical by IAEC [IAEC XXXIX/10/CLBMCP/2013 Dated 29.06.2013]. Acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity study was conducted in Swiss albino rats weighing 200- 290 gm for 14 and 28 days respectively. Detailed hematology, biochemical, necropsy and histopathological study were performed for all the animals. The AVC was well tolerated, nontoxic and safe up to the dose of 400 mg\kg of body weight in animals.
Recent Advancement in in-vivo and in-vitro Toxicity Studies for Ayurvedic Formulation
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Aim: Ayurvedic formulation consists of natural substance. Many of Ayurvedic formulation consist of heavy metals and some species are poisonous in nature. So it is necessary to determine the toxicity of Ayurvedic formulation. Background: Toxicology is a science that involves the study of the adverse effect of the substance on living organism. The toxicity of the substance can be observed by: a) in vivo (using the whole animal), b) in vitro (Testing on isolated cell or tissue). In vivo toxicity study involves acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity and chronic toxicity studies. In vitro toxicity testing of substance involves model such as model for cytotoxicity, specific toxicity, genotoxicity and toxicokinetic. The challenges regarding in vivo and in vitro toxicity study and recent development in the toxicity studies are discussed briefly. Conclusion: This review mainly focus on the various methods and model used for in vivo and in vitro toxicity testing of substance and provides information about the toxicity study which will be useful for the researchers who are working in the field of toxicology as well encourage researchers to work on various areas of research for the development and enhancement in acceptance of Ayurveda.
Conceptual Study on Anti-Toxic Action of Kshara Agada: A Review
International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy, 2017
Agada Tantra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with Visha (Poison) and its management. There are number of Agada Yogas (formulations) which are unique because of the potent ingredients which are faster in action. Kshara Agada is one among the several Agada Yogas which is explained in Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. According to Acharaya Charaka, Kshara Agada is a formulation where Palasha Kshara is prepared and several other vishaghna drugs are added to it. It is indicated in several complications of Visha such as Sotha (inflammation), Gulma (bloating), Twak dosa (skin ailments), Pandu (anaemia) etc. The ingredients are having antioxidant, antibacterial and hepatoprotective action. The main objective of this article is to discuss the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of Kshara Agada as respect to toxicity.
TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AN AYURVEDIC MEDICINE (BRIHOT CHANDRODOY MAKARDHWAJ) USED AS REJUVENATOR
Brihot Chandrodoy Makardhwaj (BCM) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the old age in the rural population. To find out the toxicological characteristic of BCM, it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg. After 32 days chronic administration of the BCM preparation the following toxicological changes were noted. All throughout the experimental period the BCM treated animals were always maintaining insignificant increase in body weight in the body weight study. There is a statistically significant increase in the relative percent weight of the male rat heart (p=0.024) and kidney (p=0.032). There is a statistically highly significant increase in the absolute weight of the male rat spleen (p=0.009) and relative percent weight of the spleen (p=0.003). There is also a statistically significant (p=0.028) increase in the absolute weight of the rat testis.
Pharmacognostical studies of "Maha Agad": A research article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
Nature is the best combinatorial chemistry and possesses solutions to all ailments for the mankind. Evidences suggests that two thirds of the worlds herbal species bear therapeutic values, and these plants have been used in the traditional system of medicine since the onset of human civilization. In Ayurveda, Ashtang Sangrah UttarSthan, Acharya Vagbhatta has also mentioned one such formulation known as Maha Agad which is used in the context of treatment of snake, spider, rat and scorpion poisoning. Also used in the conditions like gastro enteritis, indigestion, artificial poison, fever & have bhutaghna properties. In today's scenario, the quality assurance of herbal medicine is an important factor and basic requirement for herbal drug industry. Standardized ayurvedic formulations of good quality are essential for beneficial therapeutic use. So, an attempt has been made to highlight this herbal preparation through the pharmacognostic studies and was analyzed by employing various ...
Traditional Poison-healing System in Kerala: an Overview
2011
Kerala state is located in the southwest region of the Indian subcontinent. The west side of Kerala faces to the Arabian Sea and the east side borders high mountain range of the Western Ghats. The long southeastern coastal plain or the Malabar Coast rises to mountain slopes of the Western Ghats by gradual steps. Kerala has a tropic monsoon climate of high temperature and high humidity with rainy days in almost one third of the year. These geographical and climatic conditions of Kerala provide suitable environments for a wide variety of plants and animals.2 Some kinds of poisonous creatures including highly venomous snakes, spiders and scorpions as well as poisonous plants are also found. As for venomous snakes in Kerala, broadly speaking, four species are mainly observed in land territory according to modern biology, namely, (1) the Indian cobra or the spectacled cobra: Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758); (2) the Russell's viper: Daboia russellii (Shaw & Nodder, 1797); (3) the saw-scale...
International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research
2017
Plants continue to serve as possible sources for new drugs and chemicals derived from various parts of plants. Nowadays adulteration of crude herbal drugs is very common due to scarcity of drug and its high price prevailing in the market. These herbal medicines can stand in commercial market only if they are evaluated according to modern science. Evaluation of herb involves confirmation of its identity, determination of its quality and purity, and detection of nature of adulteration. So before utilizing a drug for therapeutic purpose, detail pharmacognostical study is essential as it not only helps in correct identification of the drug but also to get a clue for its phytochemicals, pharmacological activities and medicinal properties. API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India) has provided standards for a number of plants. But for Apamarga standards are given only for roots and Panchanga (Whole plant), not for the other parts like seeds, leaf and stems which are also used on a large scal...