Inhibition of Inflammatory Agent Production by Ethanol Extract (original) (raw)
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Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 2015
Various plants and their derived compounds have been used in the treatment of inflammation, including Syzygium aromaticum (L.) and eugenol as one of the most active compounds in it. Inflammation is one of an important biological response to injury. Anti-inflammatory is important to treat the danger of acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) ethanol extract and eugenol from S. aromaticum on LPS stimulated-murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the nontoxic concentration in cell line was performed by MTS assay. The cytotoxic activity which is considered safe on RAW.264.7 cell were 50 and 10 µg mLG 1 concentration of the S. aromaticum flower bud ethanol extract and eugenol. Several measurements were performed including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 concentration assay by Elisa after treatment compared to non treated cells to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. Syzygium aromaticum was inhibited IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6 release on LPS stimulated-RAW.264.7. No significant difference was observed in the S. aromaticum flower bud extract and eugenol on IL-1β inhibitory activity but eugenol showed the higher TNF-α inhibitory activity then S. aromaticum flower bud extract. The 50 µg mLG 1 ethanol extract of S. aromaticum flower bud showed the highest IL-6 and nitrite-associated NO inhibitory activity. This research revealed that ethanol extract and eugenol of S. aromaticum flower bud (clove) possess the anti-inflammatory potential showed by the inhibitory activity of the inflammatory mediator including IL-1β, TNF-α, NO and IL-6.
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2017
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum to albino rats. Forty eight Albino rats were employed to test the safety and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract. Safety of the extract was examined on experimental animal's model at three dose levels of the extract orally in daily doses for three weeks. Effects of S. aromaticum on rats revealed no significant effect on biochemical or haematological parameters. The anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was tested in four equal groups; groups 1 and 2 were treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract, respectively, group 3 was treated with indomethacine and group 4 was the untreated control. Carrageenan was used as an acute form inducer of inflammation. Indomethacine, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was used as a reference compound. Oedema size was monitored at the 1 st , 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th and after 24 hours. The ethanolic extract of S. aromaticum showed significant (P < 0.001) decreased in the oedema size at efficacy rates of 79.41%, 82.39% and 63.92% for the dose, 500 mg/kg body weight at the 2 nd , 4 th and 6 th hour respectively higher than that produced by indomethacine.
Evaluation of in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium aromaticum oil in male wistar rats
2019
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Syzygium aromaticum oil (clove oil) following single dose oral administration (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) in male wistar rats. Methods: The in-vivo anti-inflammatory assay of clove oil was carried out using carrageenan induced paw edema model in male rats. Indomethacin was administered @ 10 mg/kg in standard drug control rats. Rats of control groups were kept untreated and other groups were treated with clove oil @ 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b. wt., respectively. Results: Clove oil showed dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect at various doses in wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of clove oil was highest at 3h (35.77%) at the dose of 500mg/kg. It was lower than anti-inflammatory effect of standard drug indomethacin at 3h (41.75%). Conclusion: Clove oil showed dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity in wistar rats.
This study reports the beneficial effect of aqueous extract of dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in acute and chronic inflammation. Inflammation was induced in rats by injecting carrageenan in hind paw or implanting cotton pellet in the axilla. Administration of the extract (1 g/kg body weight) inhibited the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan and decreased granuloma in cotton pellet granuloma model. The extract, when compared with the disease control, is reported to decrease the elevated levels of succinate dehydrogenase (p<0.001), xanthine oxidase (p<0.05) and lipid peroxidation, and increase the activity of catalase (p<0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) in the two animal models. Potential role of xanthine oxidase in inflammation and the ability of the extract to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation is discussed. The study advocates the use of aqueous extract, rather than the isolated bioactive principle for various reasons.
Trends in Sciences, 2022
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry is a spice that has been used traditionally for centuries to preserve food and treat for a number of ailments. This research was carried out to analyze phytochemicals and to determine antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 95 % ethanol flower extract from S. aromaticum (FESA). The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of 17 bioactive compounds in FESA, with eugenol (56.17 %) the most active compound. Antidiabetic activity study revealed that the inhibitory activity of the FESA against α-glucosidase enzyme was stronger than the activity of Acarbose, an antidiabetic drug. In addition, the FESA exhibited potent antioxidant activity by inhibiting 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) free radicals higher than butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant. Furthermore, the FESA potentially inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells but less effective than Diclofenac, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. The activities of FESA are partly due to the presence of active compounds. The results obtained confirm the antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and the traditional used of S. aromaticum for the treatment of diabetes and oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases.
Anti-inflammatory potential of medicinal plants
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Inflammation is said to be a healthy component of the body immune system's reaction. Inflammation is characterised by four key symptoms: pain, redness, heat or warmth and swelling. As secondary metabolites, plants may produce a wide range of phytochemical compounds, which possess antiinflammatory characteristics. Herbal remedies are important therapies for a wide range of ailments all over the world. There are around 7 500 species of medicinal plants, including representatives from over 17 000 flowering plant species. Even when synthetic chemistry has developed out their expectations, the use of natural ingredients in the manufacture of drugs used in contemporary medicine is unparalleled. By interfering with the biology of inflammation, anti-inflammatory medications may assist to minimise tissue damaging and increase patient's comfort. Because of the bulky figure of species reachable for study, the effective development of novel naturally taking place anti-inflammatory drugs is mostly dependent on a multidisciplinary approach to discovering new chemicals. Despite the statistic that many review papers have been produced in this field, the conventional of them simply examined the issue from an area perspective. Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to reduce inflammation and pain by decreasing the isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme's digestion of arachidonic acid, hence lowering prostaglandin production. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a host of harmful effects. There are, however, medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties that have few or no negative effects.
Comparative Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Medicinally Important Plants
2013
Objective: Selected medicinal plants are either singly or in combination have been used traditionally for the management of variety of conditions especially against inflammatory disorders. They include Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC., Gmelina arborea Roxb., Oroxylum indicum Vent., Premna optusifolia R. Br., Solanum anguivi Lam., Solanum virginianum L., Stereospermum colais Mabb. Tribulus terrestris L. and Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. They are the constitutents of Ayurvedic Dashamoola which is a combination of roots of ten plants, owing to a unique combination of ten plants that play specific role in treatment of different conditions. Few of them are known to possess anti-inflammatory activity individualy but comparative study of these plants has never been carried out, therefore we have comparatively investigated these plants for their anti-inflammatory activity. Method: Water decoctions of roots were administered orally using in vivo Carrageenan induce...
Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
The effects of the ethanolic extracts of 105 plants used in Russian traditional medicine, 26 vegetables and fruits and 2 mushrooms on the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated differentiated human acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells were studied using TNF-α and PGE2 assays, respectively. We found that 16 plant extracts inhibited TNF-α production and 15 extracts decreased PGE2 release in the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Guilder rose, tansy, shrubby cinquefoil, wintergreen, and prince’s pine, the last two of which belong to the Pyrolaceae family, notably inhibited the levels of both of the inflammatory mediators.
At glance to the plants having anti-inflammatory activity: A review
The Journal of Phytopharmacology
From time immemorial man is dependent on plants. The human body has a natural affinity to plants and their products, which are easily absorbed as well as healthier. Medicinal plants are used in treatment of almost all disease. Plants are vast source of active biological compound for new drugs which are safer as well as cost effective. Inflammation is biological response of the human immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors like damaged cells, toxic compounds, and pathogens. Conventional drugs used for treatment of inflammation has so many disadvantages thus people looking forward safer and effective drug. Various plants are traditionally used in treatment of inflammatory conditions. This review includes some traditionally used herbal plants as an anti-inflammatory drug.
Effects of Some Botanicals with Anti-Inflammatory and Antitoxic Activity
Several extrinsic factors, like drugs and chemicals, can foster autoimmunity. Tetracyclines, in particular oxytetracycline (OTC), appear to correlate with the emergence of immune-mediated diseases. Accumulation of OTC, the elective drug for gastrointestinal and respiratory infectious disease treatment in broiler chickens, was reported in chicken edible tissues and could represent a potential risk for pets and humans that could assume this antibiotic as residue in meat or in meat-derived byproducts. We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of a pool of thirteen botanicals as a part of a nutraceutical diet, with proven immunomodulatory activity. In addition, we evaluated the effect of such botanicals in contrasting the in vitro proinflammatory toxicity of OTC. Our results showed a significant reduction in interferon-(INF-) í µí»¾ production by human and canine lymphocytes in presence of botanicals (* í µí± < 0.05). Increased INF-í µí»¾ production, dependent on 24-hour OTC-incubation of T lymphocytes, was significantly reduced by the coincubation with Haematococcus pluvialis, with Glycine max, and with the mix of all botanicals (* í µí± < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of these botanicals was shown to be able to contrast OTC-toxicity and could represent a new approach for the development of functional foods useful to enhance the standard pharmacological treatment in infections as well as in preventing or reducing the emergence of inflammatory diseases.