Ciliates from the cecum of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in Bolivia 2. The family cycloposthiidae (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Protistology, 1990
Morphogenesis of Coniculostomum monilata as revealed by protargol staining shows formation of 18 Frontal-Ventral-Transverse (FVT) cirri from 6 cirral streaks. Only 3 parental FVT cirri participate in the formation of cirral streaks. While only one row of right marginal cirri (RMC) is formed during division, the non-dividing cell possesses 3-5 RMC rows. This corticotype is explained by the fact that during division parental RMC rows are retained and inwardly displaced, the innermost row being resorbed. As the cell elongates, cirri in the retained rows space out; each row is equatorially cleaved during cytokinesis. A similar retention of dorsomarginal rows occurs on the dorsal surface. Based on synapomorphies shared by C. monilata and Stylonychia mytilus, we propose that C. monilata is an evolved oxytrichid. The regular retention of ciliary structures through several generations is, however, a unique character amongst the evolved oxytrichids and may be considered as an autapomorphy to describe C. monilata. Another such feature of C. monilata is the moniliform macronucleus, unique among the advanced oxytrichids. The present study reaffirms the importance of morphogenetic criteria in ciliate systematics. The original description of C. monilata Njine, 1978 has been rectified with respect to the nomenclature of cirri and phylogenetic status of the species.
Coniculostomum bimarginata n. sp., a new hypotrich ciliate: Description and systematic relationships
European Journal of Protistology, 1994
The hypotrich ciliate Coniculostomum bimarginata n. sp. is characterized by an average size of 167.3 [lm X 84.1 urn, 18 cirri in the frontal ciliature, 2 rows of right marginal cirri (RMC), a single row of left marginal cirri, 4 dorsal kineties, and 3-4 dorsomarginal rows (DMs). During division only one RMC row and two DM rows are produced; additional RMC and DM rows are the persistent parental ciliature that is distributed to the two daughter cells.
Zootaxa, 2013
Hypotrichous ciliates collected in the plankton and soil samples from a temporary pond in Buenos Aires province, Argen-tina, were characterized after live observations and protargol impregnation. Apoamphisiella hymenophora (Stokes) Berger is redescribed and the neotype material deposited. Apoamphisiella hymenophora differs from its congeners in having 2 macronuclear nodules, 1 contractile vacuole with anterior and posterior collecting canals, the absence of cortical granules, 2 cirri behind the rightmost frontal cirrus, 1 postoral cirrus, 6 dorsal rows of dikinetids along with scattered dikinetids on the right body margin, and 3–9 caudal cirri arranged in groups at the ends of dorsal rows 1, 2, and 4. Rigidohymena can-dens, R. quadrinucleata, Histriculus histrio, Gastrostyla steinii, and Pseudouroleptus caudatus are new for the Argentine microfauna. Since especially the soil ciliates have been almost unexplored in South America, the results from the present investigation describe an...
The Journal of Protozoology, 1987
The morphology and the morphogenesis of the freshwater hypotrich ciliate Onychodromus quadricornutus n. sp. have been investigated using living organisms, protargol impregnation, and scanning electron microscopy. Some preliminary and supplementary results about the morphogenesis of 0. grandis and Laurentiella acuminata are included. The new species is unique among all described hypotrichs in having four dorsal horns, whose function is unknown. In addition, 0. quadricornutus is probably the most voluminous hypotrich ciliate known (2 x 10b-5 x lo6 pm3). Its morphogenetic pattern resembles the oxytrichids 0. grandis and L. acuminata. The strongest apomorphic character, which unites these three species, is probably the multiple fragmentation of the dorsal primordia during morphogenesis. This fragmentation causes the characteristic high number and more or Iess irregular distribution of the dorsal kineties in the non-dividing individuals. YPOTRICHOUS ciliates have been well known for a long H time and were carefully studied by many authors; however, their classification remains controversial to date (5). The new species described is unique among all known hypotrichous ciliates in having horns and presents new data that may contribute to a deeper understanding of systematics and evolution of the family Oxytrichidae in the order Hypotrichida.
Acta protozoologica
The living morphology and infraciliature of three heterotrichous ciliates from the north China sea, Condylostentor auriculatus , Condylostoma minutum Bullington, 1940 and C. spatiosum Ozaki and Yagiu in Yagiu, 1944, were investigated using protargol impregnation and in vivo observations. Based on the Qingdao population, an improved diagnosis of the poorly defined Condylostentor Jankowski, 1978 is suggested: free-swimming Stentoridae with deep, prominent vestibular cavity, apical boarder with conspicuous ventral groove; ciliature in Stentor-like pattern, i.e. ventral suture and contrast zone of somatic kineties present; adoral zone almost closed but interrupted on ventral side by a deep cleft, vestibulum kineties on vestibular cavity wall; paroral membrane present. A redescription of Condylostentor auriculatus, the type species, is also supplied. Condylostoma minutum is investigated for the first time using silver impregnation and an improved diagnosis is given based on three populations. New information about some details of the oral apparatus is supplied for a third species, Condylostoma spatiosum. characters can be used for species separation. Furthermore the infraciliature of many nominal species remains unknown thus the identification of these organisms is often difficult (Dragesco
Techniques and tools for species identification in ciliates: a review
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
Ciliates are highly divergent unicellular eukaryotic organisms with nuclear dualism and a highly specialized ciliary pattern. They inhabit all biotopes and play crucial roles in regulating microbial food webs as they prey on bacteria, protists and even on microscopic animals. Nevertheless, subtle morphological differences and tiny sizes hinder proper species identification for many ciliates. In the present review, an attempt has been made to elaborate the various approaches used by modern day ciliate taxonomists for species identification. The different approaches involved in taxonomic characterization of ciliates such as classical (using live-cell observations, staining techniques, etc.), molecular (involving various marker genes) and statistical (delimitation of cryptic species) methods have been reviewed. Ecological and behavioural aspects in species identification have also been discussed. In present-day taxonomy, it is important to use a ‘total evidence’ approach in identifying...
Studies on five new species of hysterocinetian ciliates, endocommensal within a terrestrial oligochaete from the genus Alma (Cameroon), reveal the existence of three distinct types of cytoskeletal topography within their adhesive apparatus. In the first topographical type, four superimposed antagonistic strata of skeletal fibres that correspond to the arrangement observed in the genus Ptychostomum, Stein 1860 are found. The second topographical type is characterized by the existence of an unorganized field of fibrillar structures forming a single dense mass in the central part of the sucker. For this, a new genus is created: Ptychostomoides, Nana, Fokam, Ntoungwa et al. n. g. The third type present in the genus Proptychostomoides, Nana, Fokam, Ntoungwa et al. n. g. differs from the latter by the existence of a bare patch within the central region of the adhesive apparatus. This new evidence of morphological diversification within the Hysterocinetidae supports a new approach to the systematics of this group.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016
The morphology and phylogeny of three heterotrich ciliates, Anigsteinia clarissima (Anigstein, 1912) Isquith, 1968, Blepharisma penardi sp. nov., and Blepharisma undulans Stein, 1867, were investigated based on living morphology, infraciliature, and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence data. The new species B. penardi sp. nov. is recognized by the following combination of characters: size about 150-180 × 45-55 μm in vivo, cell colour variable from colourless to pale pink to dark brownish; peristome extending to middle of body; 36-63 adoral membranelles; 24-34 somatic kineties; single macronucleus; cortical granules tiny and colourless; freshwater habitat. Anigsteinia clarissima and B. undulans are both reported from China for the first time and are redescribed based on a combination of previous descriptions and new data from the Chinese populations. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data show that B. penardi sp. nov. and B. undulans are both located within a clade comprising only congeners, thus supporting the monophyly of the genus Blepharisma. Anigsteinia clarissima clusters with its only congener forming a clade that is sister to the Spirostomum assemblage. Both the morphological and the molecular data support the placement of Anigsteinia in the family Spirostomidae.