Chapter 2.3 The Search for Informative Characters: Achene morphometrics. (original) (raw)
Related papers
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013
The systematic significance of the morphological structure of achenes in the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau endemic genera Soroseris, Syncalathium and Parasyncalathium is described and discussed. The achene surface sculpturing of 15 samples representing 13 species of the three genera was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to evaluate inter-and intrageneric relationships of the three genera. Characters such as cell arrangement, shape of the epidermis, type of ornamentation of the outer cell wall and degree of wax development are described. The results show that characters such as the shape of the epidermis and the type of ornamentation of the outer cell wall are distinct between the three genera and useful for species-level classification. Parasyncalathium souliei differs from Syncalathium, in which it has traditionally been placed, in the short, stout beak of the achene and especially in the obscure outline of the epidermal cells and their long acuminate, steeple-like, end walls. Combined with karyological and molecular data, the differences in achene morphology and sculpturing further support our recognition of Parasyncalathium as distinct from Syncalathium. The achene characters are not only useful for assessing relationships, but are also useful for delimiting species.
Comparative Morphological Studies on Achene of Some Taxa of Asteraceae
Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015
Morphological structure and different characters of achene is most important from the taxonomic point of view. In present study achene shape, colour, size, texture and pappus type were recorded for 20 taxa of Asteraceae by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Examination of pappus by SEM recorded 6 groups; (1-Scarbous barbellate fine bristles and scarbous barbellate bristles, 2-Scarbous subulate scales free, 3-Scarious scales, 4-Paleaceous scales corona, 5-Plumose bristles and 6-Capillary barbellate). Also eight patterns were recognized based on surface sculpturing pattern: reticulate, with two subtypes, tuberculate, sulcate, puncticulate, colliculate, aculeate, lineate and striate. The data proved useful in the construction of a dichotomous indented key to the studied taxa. Twenty-two characters with 85 characters stats were used to generate anatomical key using the DELTA key-generating programs.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013
The systematic significance of the morphological structure of achenes in the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau endemic genera Soroseris, Syncalathium and Parasyncalathium is described and discussed. The achene surface sculpturing of 15 samples representing 13 species of the three genera was investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to evaluate inter-and intrageneric relationships of the three genera. Characters such as cell arrangement, shape of the epidermis, type of ornamentation of the outer cell wall and degree of wax development are described. The results show that characters such as the shape of the epidermis and the type of ornamentation of the outer cell wall are distinct between the three genera and useful for species-level classification. Parasyncalathium souliei differs from Syncalathium, in which it has traditionally been placed, in the short, stout beak of the achene and especially in the obscure outline of the epidermal cells and their long acuminate, steeple-like, end walls. Combined with karyological and molecular data, the differences in achene morphology and sculpturing further support our recognition of Parasyncalathium as distinct from Syncalathium. The achene characters are not only useful for assessing relationships, but are also useful for delimiting species.
Leaf anatomical notes on Cirsium Miller (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) from Turkey
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2015
Here, we describe the leaf anatomical characters of 26 Cirsium taxa (33 accessions) native to the northeast region of Turkey, with the aim of evaluating their taxonomic significance within the taxa. Leaf anatomies of all taxa were characterized and compared using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis. The transverse sections of the leaves showed various numbers of vascular bundles and accessory bundles. In addition, significant differentiations were observed in the midrib and lamina thickness, the height and width of vascular bundle, and number of stomata, and epidermal cell wall patterns in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces among the taxa. These results demonstrate that the compared anatomical characters among taxa are partly in accordance with their sectional delimitation in the Flora of Turkey. However, our data suggest that some taxonomic rearrangements might be necessary. Based on its anatomy, we propose that the Cirsium taxa can be treated as pioneers. Some ecological interpretations are also made.
Kaplan's Principles of Plant Morphology: A Critical Review
Kaplan's Principles of Plant Morphology: A Critical Review, 2022
is a monumental work of 1305 pages in a large format. It presents a wealth of well-organized morphological data that are relevant not only to plant morphology but also to many other fields such as plant genetics, molecular biology, evolution, systematics, biodiversity, crop science, etc. The interpretations of the data are in terms of classical plant morphology, a rigid typological framework that Kaplan adopted from Troll (1937-1943). Before I discuss this typological framework of classical plant morphology, a few comments on the fundamental importance and relevance of plant morphology in general.
Cypselar morpho-anatomy help in the separation of taxa, when flowering stage is not available
Cypselar morpho-anatomical features have an important parameter for separation and isolation of taxa. For this purpose, three species (Aster alpinus L., Felicia heterophylla (Cass.) Grau and Olearia ramulosa Benth.) of the tribe Astereae have been studied with the help of light microscope. In all the studied species, there are some morphological and anatomical variations. Morphological variations are documented on the basis of stylopodium, layer of carpopodial cells, type of pappus bristles, vascular trace through the ribs etc. In Aster alpinus, scaly pappus is present, whereas in Felicia
Micro-morphological features of achene of wild annual sunflowers
Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, 2016
The aim of this research is to characterize wild annual sunflowers on the basis of achene micro-morphology. Plant material was grown up on an experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad during 2015. Achene samples were hand-collected at the time of physiological maturity. Morphological measurements of achenes were performed using stereoscopic microscope Leica MZ16 with Leica DFC 320 Camera. The micro-morphological diversity of achenes was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Obtained results indicated the presence of some quantitative and qualitative differences in achene characteristics among analyzed species, such as in their size, color, carpopodium and stylopodium shape, and distribution of trichomes on the achene surface. The carpopodium of examined species was asymmetrical at the maturity. Differences in the cuticle and wax ornamentation in different parts of the achenes, on the anticlinal walls of epidermal cells, were identified. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of non-glandular, multicellular bi-seriate trichomes (twin hairs) on the achene surface. This trichome type consisted of two elongated, parallel cells of different length. Considering the distribution of trichomes among the apical, median and basal regions of the fruit, most of the species demonstrated greater trichome density in the apical part.
Morpho-Anatomical Study of Seven Plants from the Sub Class (Asteridae
Aim: To assist as a relevant source of information and contribute towards the standards to dispose the quality and identity of the studied plants to avoid adulterations. Morpho-anatomical characters of seven plants from the sub class (Asteridae) Solanum dubium, Datura innoxia and Datura stramonium family (Solanaceae), Solenostemma argel, Calotropis procera, Leptadenia arborea family (Asclepiadaceae) and Convolvulus arvensis family (Convolvolaceae) were studied. Radar shape for morphological leaf characters (leaf length, leaf width, leaf apex angle and leaf base angle) was used. Standard method of double staining technique used for anatomical studies. The results shown in tables and plates. The leaves of the plants from the same family have the same radar structure which mean that these plants are similar in their leaf morphology. Two stomatal types were distinguished anomocytic type in S. dubium, S. argel, C. procera and L. arborea while the anisocytic type was found in the two Datura species and C. arvensis. Trichomes were classified into Stellate non-glandular and Simple non-glandular. Mesophyll typed into two features, isobilateral in S. dubium, S. argel and C. arvensis, dorsiventral in the rest. The vascular bundles were bicollateral crescent-shaped in all species studied while it was collateral in C. arvensis only. This study suggested that the observed morph anatomical characters are of great value in quality control and formulation development of the plant studied.