34 PAPER design and fabrication of an incinerator.pdf (original) (raw)
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Design and Fabrication of a Low Capacity Incinerator
2016
Incineration may not be the best method for the treatment of waste. Nevertheless, it is better than burning the waste in the open air as it is being done in most developing countries. The incineration process as a complementary Municipal Waste Management Program is innovative for the Nembe City. This will reduce the quantity of waste dumped into the rivers, by also using enlightenment program. This paper presents the design, fabrication and test running of a 50 kg hr-1 incinerator for waste management in a riverine community in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The design of the incinerator includes a gas treatment unit, where the particulate matter is reduced using baffles and smoke filter. Investigation showed that the community with a population of 150,000 produces over 500 tonnes of waste per week, for which most of it is dumped into the river. Experimental results show that the designed capacity is 62 kg hr-1 with a bulk loading capacity of 260 kg. The waste reduction was 75% where the a...
THEORETICAL DESIGN OF A NON-ENERGY RECOVERY INCINERATOR FOR AWKA MUNICIPALITY
Waste management in Awka, the Capital City of Anambra State, Nigeria is the principal function of the Anambra State Waste Management Agency. Waste disposal practices in the area are mainly by open dumping and open burning which constitute serious health hazards to the residents and the environment. Use of well designed incinerators and well-built landfills are yet to attract some interest in the said area; probably because of the huge costs of equipment procurement and the expertise involved. The study aimed at designing a hypothetical non-energy recovery incinerating system for municipal solid waste generated in Awka Municipality. The incinerator is rated at a capacity of 45 tons/day, with a charging rate of 5.625 tons/hr. The relation between the refuse and the flue gases and the amounts of water and air required for complete combustion of the refuse and the necessary steps taken to ensure emission of clean gas through the stack are presented. Various assumptions were made which informed the design of the facility's combustion chambers. The materials flow/balance analyses are presented. It is hoped that this hypothetical design will provoke some interests that would lead to actual fabrication of the designed municipal solid waste incinerator for Awka urban area of Anambra State.
DESIGN OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR FOR USE IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS
The paper treats the design of a municipal solid waste incinerator suited to the semiarid regions with northern Nigeria and Niger Republic in West Africa as the study area. Proximate and ultimate analyses results from the solid waste were used as basis for calculations, using standard formulas and correlations. The calorific value of the solid waste samples in the study area is not high enough to sustain an incineration process and it ranges from 5.024 MJ/kg to 5.867 MJ/kg. For these types of low calorific value fuels, the parallel flow concept was found to be the appropriate type of incinerator. The solid waste to be fed in the incinerator needs to be mixed with 50% of supplementary fuel in the form of readily available bagasse to make it up to the required lower calorific value. Major characteristics of the designed municipal solid waste incinerator were: total volume of incinerator chamber: 82.5 m 3 , length of the incinerator bed: 11m; width of the incinerator bed: 3m and height of the incinerator chamber: 2.5 m, while the suitable adiabatic flame temperature was found to be 1,587 K.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant
2021
This study presents the design and testing of a waste-to-energy plant by incineration of small scale municipal solid waste to produce steam for electricity production. The average total waste generated within the study area was found to be 55,800kg/day, with an estimated calorific value of 13,958kJ/kg. The waste samples were collected, dried, shredded and weighed in order to reduce the moisture content to the acceptable minimum and decreases the surface area of the sample that will allow easier penetration of heat. The incinerator was designed using CATIA-5 software. The key performance indices of the developed plant are maximum furnace temperature, residence time, mass flow rate, steam pressures and amount of steam generated keeping the mass of waste constant per test but varying the air flow. The moving grate is inclined at an angle of 12° while the volume of the incineration combustion chamber was calculated to be 0.267m3. 150kg of small scale waste was fed into the combustion ch...
Clean Technologies
The per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation per day in Ghana is estimated to be 0.47 kg/person/day, which translates to over 14,000 tonnes of solid waste generation daily. The disposal and management of this amount of solid waste has been challenging worldwide, and in Ghana, this is evident with the creation of unsanitary dumping sites scattered across most communities in the country, especially urban communities. The indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in Ghana is known to cause flooding, the pollution of water bodies, and the spread of diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the prospects of waste incineration with energy recovery as a waste-to-energy (WtE) technology which has contributed immensely to the disposal and management of MSW in nations worldwide (especially developed ones). The review indicates that waste incineration with energy recovery is a matured waste-to-energy technology in developed nations, and there are currently about 492 waste inci...
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Design: Basic Principles
2018
The paper presents some basics and the steps required when the design of an incinerator for heat recovery or waste treatment is being thought of. It is mostly important for designers in developing countries and students where the advanced design tools and computer modelling are not easily accessible. Waste management has become a major concern world‐wide and amidst various waste treatment methods like recycling, composting; incineration is the method that treats the non-reusable and non-organic portion of wastes. Incineration is a complex process due to the heterogonous nature of wastes. Incinerators cannot be designed properly without the knowledge of the combustion science involved and the characteristics of the wastes. Aspects of prime importance in design to be considered are: the incineration mechanisms and their selection, the grate firing systems, furnace geometries, secondary air injection, the 3Ts, the heating value or calorific value of the waste, theoretical Air to Fuel r...
Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2020
Solid waste management is challenging and incineration technique is more preferred to other methods in reduction of mass and volume, removal of odour and energy recovery in both industrial and residential environments. The challenges facing residents at Njokerio, Ng’ondu and Green Valley estates in Njoro, Kenya included poorly designed open-wastes collection systems, exceeding incinerator loading rates and inappropriate operating temperatures. It also include inadequate design specifications, poorly mixed solid wastes with high moisture contents resulting to high emissions of noxious heavy dense smoke. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors influencing flue gas emissions and performance of small-scale incinerators. Data collected were statistically analysed to determine trends, means, F-values and Least Significant Different (LSD) at . Wastes incineration at varying moisture contents (MC) from 15 to 75% produced mean emission values for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C...
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2017
Waste incineration process involves chemical reaction of organic constituents with oxygen to produce flue gases, heat energy and other residues. The flue gases may contain heavy metals which have become a threat to human health and other living organisms. The study investigated the effects of varying: moisture content; loading rate; operating temperature and types of waste on incineration performance – composition of emitted flue gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon) including oxygen depletion levels. Samples of waste were weighed and placed centrally into the combustion chamber and ignited. The gas pick-up probe was connected at the chimney to pick the flue gases for analysis. Incinerating wastes with moisture content of 65, 45 and 25% yielded mean carbon dioxide emissions of 10, 7 and 5%, carbon monoxide at 7, 5 and 4 ppm and hydrocarbon at 916, 730 and 618 ppm, respectively. Waste incineration at loading rates of 45, 30 and 15 kg yielded carbon dioxide of 10, 8 ...
Case preliminary study for municipal waste incineration
Human activities in huge agglomerations generate important amounts of domestic waste and waste water that count on the municipality administration to be ecologically resolved. In this paper, it is proposed incineration unit architecture for removing the mud resulted from waste water treatment, completed with ordinary human generated pollutants, collected as solids. From basic physical principles, as mass balance, thermal balance, thermodynamic cycle for energy recovery in mechanical or electrical form and thermal heat energy indirect exchange, there is done an estimation of the energetic efficiency and energy rate produced.