Religiosity, psychosocial factors, and well-being: An examination among a national sample of Chileans (original) (raw)
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We provide evidence on the significant effect of religiosity (measured by attendance to religious services) on reducing depression. In particular, it is found a significant negative effect of religiosity on the probability of being depressed. Findings of previous studies are extended by showing that while the religious denomination seems to have a non-significant effect on the probably of depression, other aspects of religiosity, in particular the religious diversity of the country of residence does affect the prospects of depression. The probability of being depressed is higher, the lower the religious diversity. Other personal socio-economic variables have the expected and documented effects.
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The aim of this study was to find out the association between religiosity and psychological wellbeing that included anxiety, loneliness and life satisfaction. The sample of the study comprised of three hundred and ninety-five (N= 395) subjects that included two hundred and fort-nine (n=249) males and one hundred and forty-six (n=146) females with mean age of 21.19. Consistent with other research studies, correlation statistics suggested that a strong negative association existed between religiosity and anxiety (r=-.198), also strong negative relationship between religiosity and loneliness (r=-.192) while life satisfaction significantly positively correlated with religiosity in female only (r=.328) but in male the correlation was not significant (r=-.052). It is concluded from the findings of the study that religiosity is an integral part of the psychological well being of an individual.
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Increasingly, religion and spirituality has been tied to well-being. However, the mediators are likely multifold, contextually dependent, and remain unclear. A recent report suggested that this is due to religion's social value and presented results indicating that religiosity was more strongly related to psychological adjustment within countries with higher mean religiosity. Effect sizes were small, and given previous research suggesting other more proximal mediators, it was my hypothesis that these findings would not be replicated. Analysis of data from the European Social Survey revealed no significant interactions between country-level religiosity and individual religiosity in predicting psychological well-being. These conflicting findings point to the nuanced nature of the religion-health relationship and suggest that this correlation is unlikely to be due to social valuation. Studies using cursory measures are likely to explain only a small proportion of the variance, yield contradictory findings, and fail to significantly enhance theory in this domain. Keywords Religion Á Spirituality Á Health Á Functioning Á Social value Á Well-being Over the past few decades, religion and spirituality (S/R) has received growing attention in the fields of clinical and health psychology (Rosmarin et al. 2011). S/R beliefs and practices have been tied to decreased levels of anxiety (Koenig et al. 1993) and depression (Smith et al. 2003), and increased levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and well-being (see Lewis and Cruise 2006; Koenig et al.
The Role of Culture In the Relationship Between Religiosity and Psychological Well-Being
Journal of Religion and Health, 2008
Several measures of religious practice and religious orientation (intrinsic/ extrinsic/quest) and two measures of psychological well-being (positive affect and negative affect) have been employed in a cross-cultural survey of undergraduate university students from five different cultural/religious environments: Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, the United States of America, and Japan. Results suggest that measures of exstrinsic, intrinsic, and quest religiosity are not entirely applicable in most of the cultures observed. Nevertheless, it was possible to discern abbreviated cross-culturally valid scales for each dimension. The strength and direction of the correlation between psychological well-being and a particular type of religious orientation proved to depend substantially upon culture. More importantly, the cultural environment plays a crucial role in shaping the relationship between general measures of religiosity and psychological well-being. According to the data, higher general levels of religiosity at the societal level are linked to more positive correlations between religiosity and psychological well-being. The overall picture leads to the conclusion that there is no culturally universal pattern in the relationship between measures of religiosity and psychological well-being and that the particular cultural and religious context should always be considered in studies dealing with this issue.
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Religion is often related to greater psychological well-being in college students (Burris et al., 2009). However, across studies, researchers have conceptualized "religion" in different ways. Despite the fact that religious identity and practice tend to be related, these aspects of religion may be differentially related to well-being (Lopez, Huynh & Fuligni, 2011). In addition, the relationship between religion and well-being may differ based on societal factors such as race and gender (Diener, Tay & Myers, 2011). In this study, 157 undergraduate students completed measures of religious identity, religious practice, public regard (the extent to which people feel that their race and gender identity is viewed positively or negatively by the broader society), and psychological well-being. Regression analyses showed that religious identity, but not practice, was associated with both higher positive and lower negative affect. There was a marginally significant interaction between religious identity and public regard for race for positive emotions, such that religious identity was correlated with positive emotions more strongly for participants with a high public regard for their race. Overall, results suggest that religious identity plays a more important role in well-being than religious practice. Additionally, having a higher sense of religious identity is likely to result in more well-being when accompanied by a racial identity that is perceived by the individual to have a higher public regard. This relationship is not affected by perceptions of public regard for gender. RELIGION AND WELL-BEING 3 Religion and Well-being: Differences by Identity and Practice Religion is a social identity that is grounded in a system of guiding beliefs, and may serve as a powerful tool to shape psychological and social processes (Ysseldyk, Matheson & Anisman, 2010). Previous research has shown that in and of itself, religion contributes to the experience of greater positive and fewer negative emotions for the people who believe in it (Kim-Prieto & Diener, 2009). Religion provides a "moral compass and rules for living" and allows people to identify with groups, which in turn may reduce feelings of uncertainty (Hogg, Adelman & Blagg, 2010). Other research has