VALUE OF COMMON OPEN SPACES FOR URBAN POOR: A CASE OF AHMEDABAD (original) (raw)
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All type of open spaces offers various opportunities to fulfil individual, social, economic and environmental benefits and to achieve sustainability goals, balancing the natural ecosystem and aesthetic value for urban area. Clearly, parks offer chances for individual to enrich their quality of life at all ages and abilities. Increasing densities in urban area resulted more open spaces are required for human health and well-being. However, high land costs make it difficult to provide adequate open spaces. Thus, the study on the needs and satisfaction of resident in high-rise residential area was conducted at Bandar Sri Permaisuri, with the focused on mediumcost condominium due to the resident’s desire for better children playground within the condominium. The objectives of this study are to understand and study the theory of the topics of resident needs on open spaces, the design parameter, standards and guidelines of open spaces and best planning practices from overseas country; to identify the needs of high-rise residents on open spaces, i.e. neighbourhood park and children playground; to analyze the medium-cost residents satisfaction and opinion provision of open spaces and to prepare strategic policy on the planning provision of open spaces in high-rise residential area. The methods used in this study include observation and questionnaire survey among the local residents stay in Cengal Condominium. This study covered the scopes of resident needs on opens spaces; (i) size of open spaces, (ii) acceptable walking distance, (iii) usage of open spaces, (iv) recreational activities and facilities, (v) frequent visit, (vi) mode of transport, (vii) greening and landscaping, and (viii) resident’s satisfaction. The findings of this study indicate four (4) main findings; (i) need on spaces and parks, (ii) condition of parks, and (iii) provision based on demographic study of community, thus, will help local authority and urban planners particularly, to access the level of resident’s need. There are two (2) approaches recommended to creating and preserving open spaces in context for study area itself and for future urban planning. Both from public and private sector should concern about the social and environment sprawling development patterns by creating a wide range of policy instrument to improve the provision of open space.
Public open space for sustainable urban development Case study of a traditional and new settlements
Kathmandu valley is experiencing rapid population growth. Kathmandu valley had average growth rate of 4.63 percent in 2001 to 2011. The increasing population requires more resources and more land for settlement. Resulting to densification in the inner cities and expansion of settlement in the urban periphery. The amount of public open space is decreasing. In a traditional settlement, open spaces were planned and they were prioritised in the planning phase. But in the contemporary settlement such provision of open spaces is lesser and in most of the organically grown areas, it is negligible. The open spaces provided in the planned settlement such as land pooling projects fulfil the criteria from the bylaws but the functionality of these spaces is doubtful. Public open spaces are the prominent aspect of urban space. It is taken for the space for socialising, cultural activities, environmental benefits, and economic activities. Open spaces contribute towards achieving a better quality of life and sustainable community. The research is focused on open spaces at a traditional and new settlements and how they contribute towards improving living standards of the inhabitants and sustainability of the area. The research explores the availability of open spaces in different settlements, how the public open space has affected the social, economic and environmental conditions of the area, maintenance, and improvements for open spaces and understand the usage and functions of public space by the community for sustainable development. The case study approach has been followed. The study was conducted through the samples of Kohity area for traditional settlement, Subidhanagar for an organically grown area and Dallu Land pooling site for the planned settlement. The research follows interpretative paradigm. Information has been gathered mainly from the field observations and interaction with the residents. Structured and semi-structured interviews were carried out in each locality. Secondary information was also collected. The comparison analysis was carried out to draw conclusions and answer the research questions. The study has come up with the conclusion that, availability of open space per person is more in the traditional settlement despite the population density being highest in the traditional settlement. The open spaces in the organically growth area are not allocated consciously. Only available space is river corridors and streets, which is insufficient for the locality. Open spaces in the traditional settlement are more accessible and within the proximity of the residence making it more functional and safe for the users. The usage of open space is different in the traditional and new settlement. It has been observed that the use of open space is changing and people are more inclined towards health aspects rather than the cultural usage of the spaces as in the past. Most of the contemporary open spaces are used or wished to be used for walking and exercise. Therefore considering health benefits in the design and planning of the open space will make space more efficiently. The public open space allows social and environmental sustainability of the urban area and it also benefits the economy. The study suggests the provision of space is not sufficient in planning it should be properly located and dispersed accessible and managed. Open space should be inclusive of every age group, gender and every individual should be able to enjoy equally. The sense of place and community is important in order to maximise the utilisation of the public open space. Also, the community should take responsibility for the management of the public open spaces and community monitoring will check the immoral activities in the public open space rather than fencing the open space and restrict its use.
RE-EVALUATING PUBLIC SPACE IN URBAN SLUM: A CASE OF KORAIL BASTI
Proceedings of the 12th FARU International Research Conference (Faculty of Architecture Research Unit)At: University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019
Slums are the undeniable truth in the urban fabric of developing counties. As per UN Habitat 30 percent of world's population live in slums and the vast majority of slums are located in and around urban centres. As reference, Korail Basti is Dhaka's biggest slum with a total area of around 110 acres of land. Due to spontaneous growth and density there is no viable public space for the intangible growth of the slum dwellers. But most often this crisis of such huge community is overlooked by providing bare necessities like-infrastructure for water, power, sanitation etc. with oversimplified , short term cheap schemes. However, on the deeper end it always failed to address the intangible needs of this community where cultural, recreational and social interaction can happen. This paper tries to re-evaluate the needs of viable public space in this type of dense urban slums, understand their present features from the existing public usage and analyses the constraints and scopes to incorporate them addressing the challenge of swarming density. This research has been carried out through diagram preparation from GIS mappings, field survey, photographic survey, one to one interview with the locals and questionnaire survey from the slum dwellers. The findings suggest us a clearer vision about the present public domain in Korail, its dependence on slum infrastructure and the local's aspiration for a better living condition. This paper focuses on the sequential process of understanding public integration, public usage and spatial inclusion of infrastructure and public domain within slums to transform it into consolidated neighbourhoods for the betterment of the city.
COMMUNAL OPEN SPACES IN CONDOMINIUM NEIGHBORHOOD - The case of Gofa Mebrat-hail Condominium
COMMUNAL OPEN SPACE, 2016
The study investigates the relationships between the physical characteristics of communal open spaces and the activities in the residential environment of Gofa Mebrat-hail condominium neighborhood, which is one of the projects in the Integrated Housing Development Program (IHDP) in Addis Ababa. The phenomenon is investigated through a case study research method by taking the neighborhood as a case and aiming to study: a) how the residents are utilizing the communal open spaces by investigating the activities happening and the level of their involvement in terms of utilizing these spaces; b) investigate and analyze the cause and effect relationship between the activities and the physical characteristics of existing open spaces and c) identify the challenges on the day to day activities of the residents as a result of the current conditions of communal open spaces. The study is conducted at two levels; first, a preliminary study was done covering the whole neighborhood to study the activities, that are taking place in communal open spaces, and to select an illustrative parcel. Then an in-depth study is conducted on the chosen parcel based on the focus of the research to achieve the objectives. From the data collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and physical measurements, a qualitative and quantitative analysis are done: to examine the usage of existing communal open spaces; to understand the relationship between the physical setting of open spaces and the activities; and to investigate communal open space-related challenges on the day-to-day activities of the residents. The results indicate that, despite the availability of communal open spaces, physical attributes of the area investigated, such as adequacy of spaces, type of enclosure, location, accessibility, and overall physical quality (attractiveness), when unsatisfactory, negatively affected residents’ attitudes and motivations to utilize and improve the space through physical changes and maintenance, and consequently affected social and user-environment interaction. Besides the physical attributes of the open space, the existing multiple activities are also major factors that affect residents while utilizing the space. The other important finding is that the existing communal open space-related challenges are found to be the result of the combined effect of the physical characteristics and the existing activities. Finally, based on the findings the study recommends that the respective institutions who take part in developing communally owned residential neighborhoods should make an in-depth observation to consider the need and the spatial aspect of communal open space during the planning & and implementation stage. The study also recommends post-occupancy resolutions to improve the existing condition of communal open spaces within the study area. Key issues: IHDP, Activity, Communal Open Space
Multi-Dimensional Assessment Method of Open Spaces in New Communities' Low- Middle Income Housing
Resourceedings, 2018
Rapid urbanization is considered today as a complex combination of what we have at the present and the shift that will happen in the future with many other social and economic forces. The mid-20th century and contemporary urban development create the new expanded urban areas that have the characteristics of fragmented integration cores towards the emergence of new centralities. The new built environment should have an intelligible special configuration to adapt to human agents and based on this insight, it is important to explore these propositions further and examine different ways to investigate the domain of urban spaces in new communities and its related social properties as urban spaces shouldn't compile one-dimensional demands. This paper introduces some examples of open spaces in new communities' low-middle income housing that could be used to investigate how spatial patterns can influence social contribution. It also helps in analyzing the social factors which have an impact on the physical properties of the open spaces in these segregated urban patterns. The aim of this paper is to reach a multi-dimensional assessment method that could recover the open spaces that suffered from the absence of policies and regulations of urban planning and development. The study is introducing a methodology for empirically exploring and classifying the variables and attributes that define the physical and non-physical dimensions in open spaces by qualitative case study analyses to facilitate social cohesion and integration in the community. By comparing the results from the spatial and physical perspective, an assessment method will be reached at the end to formulate the new community potentials and to overcome the problems for more social integration.
Roles and Functions of Public Spaces in the Planned Residential Neighbourhoods of Khulna City
1st International Conference of Urban and Regional Planning 2019 (ICURP 2019), 2019
Because of the ever-increasing importance of the public spaces from the global aspects and its contribution to sustainable, inclusive and healthy cities, the dynamics of public spaces are much essential to understand. Despite the inevitable role of public spaces towards the sustainable urban neighbourhood, the developing counties often poorly realize the importance of public spaces. Bangladesh is no exception of that due to the ever-increased pressure of urbanization and poor realization towards sustainable urban neighbourhoods. In response to the undervalued public spaces in Bangladesh, this study aims to assess the ability of the public spaces to play proper roles and functions towards sustainable urban neighbourhoods in Khulna city. Khalishpur residential area, Nirala residential area and Sonadanga residential area (phase II) are selected as the study neighbourhoods for this study. Following the mixed-method approach, walk-through analysis, behaviour analysis, accessibility analysis, and questionnaire survey are employed to identify roles and functions of the public spaces from social, physical and psychological dimension from the perspectives of sustainability. Findings show that except social dimension to improve the social mix, available public spaces hardly contribute to neighbourhood sustainability from the aspect of physical and psychological dimension. Poor accessibility in terms of residential coverage, absence of economic activities, negligible contribution to the environmental health, weak reflections of community attachment affects the neighbourhood sustainability. Through greater realization about public spaces and transformation of potential urban spaces to public spaces through accommodating social inclusiveness, economic functionalities, and urban greens, it is possible to contribute towards neighbourhood sustainability.
A Study of Exclusive - Inclusive Public Space in Panakkukang National Housing Settlement of Makassar
Article of NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol.3 No.4 July 2011, 2012
Inclusive-exclusive public space has a great power not only to direct city development but also to control the velocity of city development both vertically and horizontally. The role of exclusive – inclusive public space as the lung of the city and social binder has responsive characters, democratic, and meaningful in the context of settlement development. The exclusive-inclusive public space at the settlement of Panakkukang National Housing from time to time changes in line with the development of the city. The study was carried out to identify and assess the exclusive-inclusive public space at Panakkukang National settlement focusing on seven different locations. Three different patterns of exclusive-inclusive public space are identified: (1) exclusive public space; (2) inclusive public space, and (3) semi exclusive-inclusive public space. The study employs descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained through direct observation and field study. The study indicates the nature of exclusive-inclusive public space is determined by several factors: (1) location, (2) accessibility, (3) infrastructure and facility availability, (4) users’ group, and (5) types of activities.
Managing the under-utilized public open spaces in a neighborhood of TIER-II cities, India
In recent years, utilization of the under-utilized spaces has been seen with increased concentration by urban planners as it is resulting in wastage of a valuable resource, land. Studying under-utilized spaces in a city is complex as it involves dealing with multiple spaces having varied issues associated with it. The paper intends to derive a framework to study these spaces in different Indian cities and identify issues for its under-utilization. The framework is reinforced by the study of neighborhoods in four tier-II cities in India keeping population density and land use as an identical aspect in all the neighborhoods. With ideal solutions to mitigate the issues affecting the community in the vicinity, these spaces can be used to optimum level. This paper is intended to identify the similarities between the issues related to these spaces in different cities and group the issues in domains of administration, maintenance, design or planning due to various reasons for its formation and as per the planning instruments. The paper also aims to come up with ideal generic design approach for issues in design domain and frame guidelines for it to be implemented for benefits to the community in terms of safety, health and economy.
Developing Green Open Space in Urban Residential Areasthrough Community Participation Approach
2012
All the papers published in this proceeding have been reviewed by the scientific committee. The Research Institute ofHwnan Settlements has endeavored to the maximum possible extent to ensure the format of all the technical papers to conform to the manuscript template requirement applied in this proceeding. The Research Institute has made necessary formatting and minor editorial changes without altering the substance of the respective papers. Any views and opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the corresponding authors and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the Research Institute. Disclaimer PREFACE ill developing countries which are mostly located in the tropical zones, population is concentrated in urban areas. The proliferation of urban migrants has caused many people lack of access to many kinds of infrastructure facilities, such as sanitation, transportation, or durable houses. The reduction of inequalities within cities has been constantly mentioned to the importance of sustainable development. Urban services should not discriminate against poorer urban inhabitants. Urban deprivation has become a characteristic of large cities in all parts of the world, which mostly occurs due to the limited capacity of the cities to meet people's needs. Therefore, to ensure future progress in the improvement of economic, social, and environmental conditions in urban settlements, we must begin with recognizing and dealing with urban deprivation. Poor management and planning and the absence of coherent urban policies create urban problems especially environments rather than urbanization. Deteriorating environmental conditions can cause serious impact on human health and welfare, particularly the urban poor. Harmonized environments can only result from urban settlements that are planned, developed and improved by considering all sustainable development principles and their components. This concept has been adopted in most countries to address the issue of today's increasing world temperature, whilst the climatic characteristics relate to the form of cities, urban designs, and buildings. Since 2006 the Research Institute for Human Settlements has organized Biannual International Seminars on Ecosettlements and this year's Seminar is the third. It is a settlement concept that harmonizes social, economic, and ecological aspects in the quest of developing a sustainable tropical ecosystem. Given the serious issues associated with urban deprivation, the 2012 Seminar's theme is Urban Deprivation: a Challenge to Sustainable Urban Settlements. A total of 35 papers trom different countries were accepted and categorized into three major issues: new approach in sustainable urban planning and design, ecological concern in green building and urban infrastructure accessibility. They have been orally presented in the parallel sessions on Day One and Day Two. Optional field-trips were held on Day Three to Tapak Bumi Eco-village. On this occasion, I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards all the parties for their remarkable contribution that made this Seminar possible. I do hope this Seminar can provide the opportunity for academics and industry practitioners to share their views and experiences from both tropical and non-tropical countries on how to deal with urban deprivation problems.