Nuclear DNA content in different plant materials of Plantago asiatica L. cultured in vitro (original) (raw)
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MGG Molecular & General Genetics, 1993
Protoplast fusion experiments between Lycopersicon esculentum or L. peruvianum and Nicotiana tabacum or N. plumbaginifolia were performed to investigate the possibility of producing symmetric and asymmetric somatic hybrids between these genera. These fusions, which involved 1.7 x 108 protoplasts, yielded 35 viable hybrid calli. Plant regeneration was successful with two calli. One of these regenerants flowered, but developed no fruits. Analysis of the nuclear DNA by means of dot blot hybridization with species-specific repetitive DNA probes combined with flow cytometry, revealed that the nuclei of most hybrid calli contained the same absolute amount of Nicotiana DNA as the Nicotiana parent or (much) less, whereas the amount of Lycopersicon DNA per nucleus was 2-5 times that of the parental genotype. Eighteen of the 34 hybrids analyzed possessed Lycopersicon chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), whereas the other 16 had DNA from Nicotiana chloroplasts. The cpDNA type was correlated with the nuclear DNA composition; hybrids with more than 2C Nicotiana nuclear DNA possessed Nicotiana chloroplasts, whereas hybrids with 2C or less Nicotiana nuclear DNA contained Lycopersicon chloroplasts. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) composition was correlated with both nuclear DNA constitution and chloroplast type. Hybrids possessed only or mainly species-specific mtDNA fragments from the parent predominating in the nucleus and often providing the chloroplasts. The data are discussed in relation to somatic incompatibility which could explain the low frequency at which hybrids between Lycopersicon and Nicotiana species are obtained and the limited morphogenetic potential of such hybrids.
Nuclear DNA Contents of Phalaenopsis sp. and Doritis pulcherrima
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 2001
Nuclear DNA contents were estimated by flow cytometry in 18 Phalaenopsis Blume species and Doritis pulcherrima Lindl. DNA amounts differed 6.07-fold, from 2.74 pg/diploid nuclear DNA content (2C) in P. sanderiana Rchb.f. to 16.61 pg/2C in P. parishii Rchb.f. Nuclear DNA contents of P. aphrodite Rchb.f. clones, W01-38 (2n = 2x = 38), W01-41 (2n = 3x = 57), and W01-22 (2n = 4x = 76), displayed a linear relationship with their chromosome numbers, indicating the accuracy of flow cytometry. Our results also suggest that the 2C-values of the Phalaenopsis sp. correlate with their chromosome sizes. The comparative analyses of DNA contents may provide information to molecular geneticists and systematists for genome analysis in Phalaenopsis. Endoreduplication was found in various tissues of P. equestris at different levels. The highest degree of endoreduplication in P. equestris was detected in leaves.
Biologia Plantarum, 1990
Almract. Plants regenerated from callus cultures derived from leaf discs and mesophyll protoplasts of Petunia hybrida cv. Rose of Heaven exhibit a high frequency of genetic and chromosomal variation. Of twelve leaf disc-derived plants examined, only three had the normal diploid chromosome number (2n=14) while seven were tetraploid and two were anenploid (16 and 27 chromosomes). Of seventeen plants derived from two protoplasts, none had the diploid chromosome number. Most had 28 chromosomes, one 29, two 27, one-26 and one had variable numbers (14-28) in different root tip cells. In all cases aneuploidy was associated with developmental abnormality. In addition, heritable differences in growth, morphology and flower pigmentation were observed in callus-derived tetraploids and diploids, including one diploid which differed from parent plants in at least four characters. These results are in terms of the importance of Petun/a in genetics research and for studies of somaclonal variation.
Plant Science, 2003
Cytophotometric analysis of nuclear DNA was carried out in leaves of Coffea arabica L. plants grown in vitro. They were maintained for more than 1 year on MS media containing 0.53 mM NAA, and 2.32 mM kinetin, and embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were derived from them. Four suspension cultures of C. arabica differing in their embryogenic potential were also studied. In in vitro leaves used as primary explants many nuclei gave values that were hypoaneuploid, yet the somatic embryos derived from them consisted predominantly of diploid cells. As primary explants were shifted to conditioning medium (MS medium added with 0.53 mM NAA and 2.32 mM kinetin) and then to induction medium (to obtain embryogenic calli; Yasuda medium supplemented with 5 mM BAP), the frequency of hypoaneuploid values dropped. An analysis of four suspension cultures did not reveal any relationship between the cytogenetic state of cell strains and their morphogenetic potential. Of four suspensions, cultures having similar frequencies of diploid cells (60 Á/82%), only one was capable of embryogenesis.
Caryologia, 2004
Most of the differentiated plant cells replicate their nuclear DNA but there is no chromosome condensation, strand separation, nor cytokinesis, resulting in multiple copies of the genome, and the phenomenon is called endoreduplication. In this communication we report the distribution pattern of DNA endoreduplication in the nuclei of the mature cotyledons of six cultivars of Vigna radiata (mungbean). It has shown that the maximum ploidy level present in the cotyledonary tissues of V. radiata is 64C, where 2C is DNA amount of unreplicated diploid nucleus, except in the cultivar ML 337, where only up to 32C DNA content was noted. Considerable difference in the level of C-value distribution amongst different cultivars of V. radiata has been found in the present investigation. This is the first report on flow cytometric analysis showing variation in the level of nuclear endoreduplication amongst the cultivars of a grain legume.
Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 1994
Plants of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Griesbach)Schinners=Lisianthus russellianus Hook.) were regenerated from protoplasts and grown in pots until flowering. Vegetative and floral characteristics were measured and compared with parent plants. Larger leaves and petals and longer guard cells, sepals and filaments were recorded from protoplast-derived plants suggestive of polyploidy. The nuclear DNA contents of protoplast-derived and parental plants were determined by flow cytometry. Protoplast-derived plants were confirmed as DNA tetraploid by flow cytometry with a DNA index of 1.95. Their nuclear DNA content was measured as 6.33±0.04 pg DNA per 2C nucleus compared with 3.26±0.10 pg DNA per 2C nucleus from parental plants. Polyploidisation induced during protoplast regeneration offers an alternative to that of colchicine treatment.
Nuclear DNA content for the adult plants grown in a greenhouse and in vitro young plantlets of the pigeon orchid (Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.) was analyzed using flow cytometry. The resulting 2C DNA values ranged from 2.30±0.14 pgto 2.43±0.06 pg. However, nuclear DNA ploidy levels of long-term in vitro plantlets were found to be triploid and tetraploid.These ploidy levels were confirmed by chromosome counting. Tetraploid individuals (2n = 4x = 76) had approximately two times DNA content than diploid (2n = 2x = 38) individuals. This variation may be due to prolonged cultivation and thepresence of exogenous plant growth regulators.
Agronomy
The objective of the current study was to assess the efficiency of oryzalin in inducing polyploids in Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson by in vitro polyploidization. Shoot tips were subjected to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing oryzalin at concentrations 1, 5, and 10 μM for 4 and 8 weeks. Further, the ploidy levels of the plants were confirmed using flow cytometry and chromosome counting. Among all treatments, six tetraploid plants (2n = 4x = 24) were obtained after 8 weeks in MS medium containing 5 μM oryzalin. Upon ex vitro transfer, tetraploid plants were morphologically distinct compared to diploid plants. The size of the leaf and flower increased significantly and nearly doubled when compared to the mother diploid plant. Further, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry showed that tetraploid plants exhibited significantly higher sodium, iron, and calcium content, and the potassium content was increased by 100%. Molecular analysis utilizing iPBS and C...