Kinetics of Esterification Reaction using Ion- Exchange Resin Catalyst (original) (raw)
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Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2013
The esterification of acrylic acid and n-butanol catalyzed by three different ion exchange resins, Amberlyst 15, Amberlyst 131 and Dowex 50Wx-400 was studied. Amberlyst 131 was found to be more efficient catalyst giving the maximum conversion of acrylic acid. The effects of temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to acid, stirrer speed and catalyst loading on the reaction rate were investigated. The chemical equilibrium constants were obtained experimentally and theoretically from thermodynamic properties. The experimental data were tested with four different reaction mechanisms according to adsorption status of reactants. The activity coefficients were calculated using UNIQUAC method to account for the non-ideal thermodynamic behavior. The activation energy was found to be 57.4 kJ/mol according to the LHHW model which correlates the experimental data with minimum error.
2018
This work deals with kinetics and chemical equilibrium studies of esterification reaction of ethanol with acetic acid. The esterification reaction was catalyzed by an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlyst-15) using a batch stirred tank reactor. The pseudo-homogenous and Eley-Rideal models were successfully fitted with experimental data. At first, Eley-Rideal model was examined for heterogeneous esterification of acetic acid and ethanol. The pseudo-homogenous model was investigated with a power-law model. The apparent reaction order was determined to be (0.88) for Ethanol and (0.92) for acetic acid with a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.981 and 0.988, respectively. The reaction order was determined to be 4.1087x10-3 L 0.8 /(mol 0.8 .min) with R 2 of 0.954. The adsorption constants of acetic acid and ethanol were calculated as 0.023 and 0.044 L/mol, respectively and the lumped reaction constant were determined to be 5*10-4 L 2 /gcat.mol.min. The results of the reaction kinetic study show that the high acetic acid/ethanol molar ratio was favored. The maximum conversion of 70 % was obtained at 70°C for acetic acid/ethanol molar ratio of 4.
Chemical Engineering Science, 2006
Kinetics of side reactions of the formation of n-butyl acetate in the heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid were studied in an isothermal fixed-bed flow reactor at temperatures between 100 and 120 • C. The observed side reaction products are isomers of butene, di-n-butyl ether, sec.-butyl-n-butyl ether as well as sec.-butanol and sec.-butyl acetate. Three ion-exchange resin catalysts with a similar matrix but different sulfonation are compared: Puroliteீ CT 269 is mono-sulfonated whereas Amberlystீ 46 is surface-sulfonated and Amberlystீ 48 is bi-sulfonated. Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 are fully sulfonated in the gel phase, whereas Amberlystீ 46 is only surface-sulfonated. The ion-exchange capacities of Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 are similar, that of Amberlystீ 46 is lower by a factor of 5. Despite this, all three catalysts show only minor differences in their activity regarding the esterification. Regarding the formation of side products, Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 give similar results: side reactions proceed to significant extent. For Amberlystீ 46, however, side reactions were found to be almost negligible. It is concluded that the esterification occurs mainly on or near the external surface of catalysts particles whereas side reactions occur mainly in the pores. This work shows that surface-sulfonated catalysts like Amberlystீ 46 are very attractive for the production of esters by reactive distillation.
Kinetic study of catalytic esterification of butyric acid and n-butanol over Dowex 50Wx8-400
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011
A kinetic investigation for the esterification of butyric acid with n-butanol over Dowex 50Wx8-400 was conducted. The catalytic experiments were performed in a reactive distillation mode, in which the byproduct (water) is eliminated to prevent the reverse reaction from taking place. The experimental parameters are reaction temperatures (100-110 • C), molar ratios of reactants (butyric acid/n-butanol = 0.25-4) and catalyst loading (10-40 g/L), and their effect on the reaction rate was found that the conversion increased with temperature and catalyst loading whereas it decreased as the molar ratio of reactants increased. The rate equations were derived on the basis of the pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model, Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model and Eley-Rideal (ER) model. From the best fit models showing good correlation between experimental and simulation results, the surface reaction was determined to be the rate determining step, while competitive adsorption on a catalyst surface and weak interaction between resin and water by-product were confirmed in the esterification reaction of butyric acid with n-butanol.
Chemical Engineering Science, 2006
Kinetics of side reactions of the formation of n-butyl acetate in the heterogeneously catalyzed esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid were studied in an isothermal fixed-bed flow reactor at temperatures between 100 and 120 • C. The observed side reaction products are isomers of butene, di-n-butyl ether, sec.-butyl-n-butyl ether as well as sec.-butanol and sec.-butyl acetate. Three ion-exchange resin catalysts with a similar matrix but different sulfonation are compared: Puroliteீ CT 269 is mono-sulfonated whereas Amberlystீ 46 is surface-sulfonated and Amberlystீ 48 is bi-sulfonated. Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 are fully sulfonated in the gel phase, whereas Amberlystீ 46 is only surface-sulfonated. The ion-exchange capacities of Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 are similar, that of Amberlystீ 46 is lower by a factor of 5. Despite this, all three catalysts show only minor differences in their activity regarding the esterification. Regarding the formation of side products, Puroliteீ CT 269 and Amberlystீ 48 give similar results: side reactions proceed to significant extent. For Amberlystீ 46, however, side reactions were found to be almost negligible. It is concluded that the esterification occurs mainly on or near the external surface of catalysts particles whereas side reactions occur mainly in the pores. This work shows that surface-sulfonated catalysts like Amberlystீ 46 are very attractive for the production of esters by reactive distillation.
2011
In the simplest terms, esters can be defined as the reaction products of acids and alcohols. Thousands of different kinds of esters are commercially produced for a broad range of applications. Within the realm of synthetic lubrication, a relatively small substantial family of esters has been found to be very useful in severe environment applications. The ester of acetic acid and isobutanol, namely, isobutyl acetate, finds wide industrial applications. Butyl acetates are used primarily as solvents in the lacquer and enamel industries. It is used in coatings, where its solvent capacity and its low relative volatility make it useful for adjustment of evaporation rate and viscosity. It is particularly useful as a solvent or thinner for acrylic polymers, vinyl resins, as reaction medium for adhesives, as solvent for
Kinetic Study of Catalytic Esterification of Butyric Acid and Ethanol over Amberlyst 15
The esterification reaction of butyric acid with ethanol has been studied in the presence of ion exchange resin (Amberlyst 15). Ethyl butyrate was obtained as the only product which is used in flavours and fragrances. Industrially speaking, it is also one of the cheapest chemicals, which only adds to its popularity. The influences of certain parameters such as temperature, catalyst loading, initial concentration of acid and alcohols, initial concentration of water, and molar ratio were studied. Conversions were found to increase with an increase in both molar ratio and temperature. The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor in the temperature range of 328.15–348.15 K. Variation of parameters on rate of reaction demonstrated that the reaction was intrinsically controlled. Experiment kinetic data were correlated by using pseudo-homogeneous model. The activation energy for the esterification of butyric acid with ethanol is found to be 30 k J/mol.
Kinetics of Catalytic Esterification of Propionic Acid and n-Butanol over Amberlyst 35
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2002
The kinetic behavior of the heterogeneous esterification of propionic acid with n-butanol over an acidic cation-exchange resin, Amberlyst 35, was investigated. The experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at temperatures from 353.15 to 393.15 K and molar ratios of feed θ Bo (n-butanol to propionic acid) from 0.5 to 2. The equilibrium conversion of propionic acid was found to increase with increasing reaction temperature and feed composition θ Bo. Gas-bubble formation was observed when the reaction temperatures were higher than 373.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The kinetic data at temperatures from 353.15 to 373.15 K and θ Bo from 0.5 to 2 were correlated with the quasi-homogeneous, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood, the Eley-Rideal, and the modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood models, respectively. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model yielded the best representation for the kinetic behavior of the liquid-solid catalytic esterification over Amberlyst 35.
IJERT-Kinetic Study of Esterification Reaction for the Synthesis of Butyl Acetate
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/kinetic-study-of-esterification-reaction-for-the-synthesis-of-butyl-acetate https://www.ijert.org/research/kinetic-study-of-esterification-reaction-for-the-synthesis-of-butyl-acetate-IJERTV3IS10139.pdf The reaction kinetics of the esterification of acetic acid with butanol, catalyzed both homogeneously by the acetic acid, and heterogeneously by Amberlyst 15, have been investigated. The reactions were carried out in a batch reactor at several temperatures between 353.15 and 383.15K and at variousstarting reactant compositions ranging from stoichiometric regime to the dilute regions. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions have been described using the models proposed by P¨opken et al.[T. P¨opken, L. G¨otze, J. Gmehling], Here we have been used Pseudo Homogeneous model to fit the experimental data and found out the activation energies and equilibrium constants for this reaction will be determined experimentally at different temperatures which has been in the range of back experimental data available. The temperature dependency of the constants appearing in the rate expression will also be determined.