Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD polymorphisms in the haploid mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) (original) (raw)
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Molecular Fingerprinting and Population Dynamics of Brevipalpus Mites on Texas Citrus
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2010
Three species of Brevipalpus mites are known potential vectors of the citrus leprosis virus (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Cyto- and Nucleorhabdovirus, CiLV). Species identification of these mites is difficult because of their small size and morphological similarities. The objective of this study was to develop an accurate and rapid molecular fingerprinting method for identifying B. phoenicis and B. californicus on Texas citrus. Iso-colonies of the two Brevipalpus species were cultured on immature citrus fruit and identified using a dichotomous key. Whole genome amplification was used to produce DNA template from single mites to identify the two species by amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR). Population dynamics of Brevipalpus were monitored in four citrus orchards during the 2007 growing season. Subsamples of mites were identified morphologically or by species-specific SCAR markers. Molecular fingerprinting was very efficient in i...
PloS one, 2016
We studied species diversity and genetic variation among populations of Brevipalpus mites from four species of citrus host plants. We sampled mites on orange, lime, grapefruit and mandarin trees from orchards at six localities distributed in the five most important citrus producing states in Mexico. Genetic variation among citrus host plants and localities were assessed by analysis of nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Both Brevipalpus yothersi and B. californicus were found at these sites, and B. yothersi was the most abundant species found on all citrus species and in all localities sampled. B. californicus was found mainly on orange and mandarin and only in two of the states sampled. AMOVA and haplotype network analyses revealed no correlation between B. yothersi genetic population structure and geographical origin or citrus host plant species. Considering that a previous study reported greater genetic diversity in B. ...
Brevipalpus mites on citrus and their status as vectors of citrus leprosis
Sixteen species of mites in the family Tenuipalpidae have been reported from citrus worldwide including ten in the genus Brevipalpus. In North, Central and South America, B. californicus (Banks), B. obovatus Donnadieu and B. phoenicis (Geijskes) have been reported from citrus and a wide range of other plant hosts. Citrus leprosis is a serious disease of citrus in Argentina, Brazil,Paraguay,Venezuela, and recently in Panama.Citrus leprosis causes yield reduction and eventual death of the trees without acaricidal control.In the late 1800s citrus leprosis was reported in Florida,but has not been reported since the 1960s. B. californicus, B. obovatus and B. phoenicis have been reported as vectors of citrus leprosis, but only B. phoenicis has been proven to be an effective vector.The virus in B. phoenicis is transmitted transstadially but not transovarially. Recent work indicates there are two kinds of virus particles, one cytoplasmic and the other nuclear.While citrus leprosis has been mechanically transmitted from citrus to citrus and a few herbaceous plants, attempts to purify and characterize the virus have been unsuccessful.
First Report of Citrus leprosis virus on Citrus in Santa Cruz, Bolivia
Plant Disease, 2005
Brazil. Plant Dis. 89(6): 686, 2005. The citrus crop is rapidly expanding in the Province of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia. Citrus, mostly planted by small growers, currently comprises approximately 15,000 ha. Sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) and mandarins (C. reticulata) are the main citrus-types grown, primarily for internal consumption. Recently, there has been an increase in incidence of leprosis-like symptoms (round to elliptic lesions on the leaves, chlorotic to necrotic lesions in young twigs, and depressed small lesions on the fruits). These symptoms were associated with infestations by the tenuipalpid mite Brevipalpus sp. To verify if Citrus leprosis virus was the causal agent of the observed symptoms, leaf and fruit samples (mostly from Valencia sweet orange) were collected from commercial groves in El Torno, 32 km south of Santa Cruz, and Yapacani and Colónia San Juan, 130 km northwest of Santa Cruz. Small fragments of these samples were placed immediately in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde in cacodylate buffer and later processed with transmission electron microscopy at ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Some of the leaf samples were dried at 35°C and used for reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers that specifically amplify portions of the genome of Citrus leprosis virus, cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C) (1) at Centro APTA Citros, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil. Brevipalpus sp. mites were also collected and kept in 90% ethanol for further identification at the University of Florida, Gainesville and ESALQ. In the samples from the three surveyed areas, transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of short bacilliform particles within endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and electron dense viroplasms in the cytoplasm, typical of infection by CiLV-C (2). CiLV-C specific primers amplified DNA fragments of expected sizes in RT-PCR from dried leaf simples which came from these three localities. Direct sequencing of at least three amplicons of each sample confirmed the identity of the virus. The consensus sequence of the putative movement protein gene in samples from Yapacani and Colónia San Juan (GenBank Accessions AY960216 and AY960215, respectively) were identical and exhibited 99% nucleotide and 98% amino acid homology with the Brazilian isolate sequence available at GenBank (Accession No. AY289190). The consensus sequence of the putative replicase gene found in the sample from El Torno (GenBank Accession No. AY960214) exhibited 96% and 93% nucleotide and amino acid homology, respectively with the Brazilian isolate (GenBank
Diversity and Genetic Variation among Brevipalpus Populations from Brazil and Mexico
PLOS ONE, 2015
Brevipalpus phoenicis s.l. is an economically important vector of the Citrus leprosis virus-C (CiLV-C), one of the most severe diseases attacking citrus orchards worldwide. Effective control strategies for this mite should be designed based on basic information including its population structure, and particularly the factors that influence its dynamics. We sampled sweet orange orchards extensively in eight locations in Brazil and 12 in Mexico. Population genetic structure and genetic variation between both countries, among locations and among sampling sites within locations were evaluated by analysing nucleotide sequence data from fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). In both countries, B. yothersi was the most common species and was found in almost all locations. Individuals from B. papayensis were found in two locations in Brazil. Brevipalpus yothersi populations collected in Brazil were more genetically diverse (14 haplotypes) than Mexican populations (four haplotypes). Although geographical origin had a low but significant effect (ca. 25%) on the population structure, the greatest effect was from the within location comparison (37.02 %). Potential factors driving our results were discussed.
Citrus Leprosis Virus Vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on Citrus in Brazil
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2003
Citrus leprosis is caused by Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) that is transmitted by mites in the genus Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). This disease directly reduces production and the life span of the citrus plant. The main symptoms of the disease include lesions on fruits, leaves, and twigs or small branches, causing premature fruit drop, defoliation, and death of the twigs or branches leading to serious tree decline. Leprosis is a highly destructive disease of citrus, wherever it occurs. The Brazilian citrus industry spends over 100 million US dollars annually on acaricides to control the vector, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). This review contains information about the history of the etiology of citrus leprosis, its geographical distribution, host range, the role of the mite vectors, viral morphology and relationships with the infected cell, and transmissibility of the virus by the mite. In addition, data on the mite-virus-plant relationship, disease damage, and strategies for controlling disease spread are presented.
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2014
Oligonychus punicae and Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) are the most important mite species affecting avocado orchards in Mexico. Here we used nucleotide sequence data from segments of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) genes to assess the phylogenetic relationships between both sympatric mite species and, using only ITS sequence data, examine genetic variation and population structure in both species, to test the hypothesis that, although both species co-occur, their genetic population structures are different in both Michoacan state (main producer) and Mexico state. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation between both species using ITS and COI sequence information. Haplotype network analysis done on 24 samples of O. punicae revealed low genetic diversity with only three haplotypes found but a significant geographical population structure confirmed by analysis of molecular varian...
Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2020
Tetranychidae spider mites are considered key citrus pests in some production areas, 37 outstanding Tetranychus urticae Koch. Over the past decades, pesticide overuse seems to 38 have promoted T. urticae population selection in citrus orchards. However, the microbiota 39 has also been pointed out as a plausible explanation for population structure or the plant 40 host specialisation observed in several arthropod species. 41 In this work, we have determined the incidence of Cardinium, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia as representative of major distorter bacteria genera in Aplonobia histricina 43 (Berlese), Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor), E. orientalis (Klein), Panonychus citri 44 (McGregor), T. evansi (Baker and Pritchard), T. turkestani (Ugarov and Nikolskii), and 45 T. urticae populations from Spanish citrus orchards. 46 Only Wolbachia was detected by PCR. The multilocus alignment approach and 47 phylogenetic inference indicated that all detected Wolbachia belong to supergroup B. The 48 deep analysis of each 16S rDNA, ftsZ and wsp gene sequences allowed identifying several 49 phylogenetically different Wolbachia sequences. It probably indicates the presence of 50 several different races or strains, all of them belonging to supergroup B. Whereas the wsp 51 sequence typing analysis unveiled the presence of the two already-identified alleles (61 52 and 370), and allowed to contribute with five new alleles, supporting the presence of 53 different but related Braces in the studied mite populations. The results are discussed and 54 related to T. urticae population structure, previously observed in Spanish citrus orchards. 55
Citrus Leprosis: Centennial of an Unusual Mite–Virus Pathosystem
Plant Disease, 2010
Citrus leprosis is one of the most economically important diseases of the Brazilian citrus industry. It is characterized by the presence of local lesions on fruits, leaves, and twigs or branches, which directly reduce production and lifespan of citrus plants. The etiologic agent is the Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) transmitted by tenuipalpid mites of the genus Brevipalpus. Every year, control of the vector mite costs Brazilian growers around US$80 million.
Pest Management Science, 2012
BACKGROUND: Leprosis is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases. Leprosis‐affected plants, especially sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], which is the most widely cultivated citrus fruit worldwide, show reduced photosynthetic capacity and severe defoliation. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) vector mite and citrus leprosis disease in Pera sweet orange plants grafted on different rootstocks. Data were analysed using numerical classification and conventional statistical analysis (ANOVA).RESULTS: Both viruliferous and non‐viruliferous B. phoenicis populations increased in number on plants maintained at low soil water content. Among the evaluated rootstocks, Sunki mandarin proved least favourable for mite population increase. Furthermore, the viruliferous mite population increased more rapidly than the non‐viruliferous mite population.CONCLUSION: The Cleopatra rootstock showed low variability in leaf nitrogen content, low...