EMIGRATION, REFUGEES AND ETHNIC CLEANSING: THE DEATH OF YUGOSLAVIA, 1991−1999 (original) (raw)

Serbian Programs for the Expulsion of Albanian Kosovars from Kosovo Between Two World Wars

Eminak, 2023

The purpose of the research paper is treat of the forced displacement of Albanians from Kosovo to Albania in the years 1918-1941 by the Serbian government through various programs. Serbian programs for the expulsion of Albanians, initiated since the ‘Načertanije’ (‘Draft Plan’) of 1844, did not cease throughout the entire 20th century. Between the two World Wars, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes – Yugoslavia drew up a large number of programs against the Albanians, where the key point was the displacement of Albanians from their lands and the reversal of the demographic structure to the detriment of the Albanians people, applying various methods and measures of violence. The scientific novelty. Until the 1930s, Serbian circles assessed that these measures had not yielded the desired effects, thus it was necessary to continue with several programs and strategies that would lead to a large-scale ethnic cleansing of Albanians by expelling them from their lands or assimilating...

Killings and Refugee Flow in Kosovo March - June 1999 A Report to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

2002

The materials contained herein represent the opinions of the authors and editors and should not be construed to be the view of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Human Rights Program or the American Bar Association Central and East Eu-ropean Law Initiative (ABA/CEELI), or any of the contributing organizations. The AAAS Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility (CSFR), in accordance with its mandate and Association policy, supports publication of this report as a scientific contribution to human rights. The interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and do not purport to represent the views of the AAAS Board, Council, the CSFR, or the members of the Association. Likewise, the views expressed herein have not been approved by the House of Delegates or the Board of Governors of the ABA and, accordingly should not be construed as representing the policy of the ABA. Nothing contained in this publication is to be considered as ...

Yugoslav Refugees, Displaced Persons and the Civil War

Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, 1992

Background Slovenia and Croatia declared independence on 25 June 1991. That was the date of the "collective thanatos"' which led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia. As a result of German pressure, the European Community, followed by a number of other states, recognized the independence of the secessionist republics on 15 January 1992 and buried the second Y~goslavia.~ Although the Westernmedia have now shifted their attention to the former Soviet Union, where other similar and potentially even more dangerous ethnic conflicts are brewing, that is not because genuine peace has been established in former Yugoslavia. To the contrary: blood continues to flow among the civilian population and among military and paramilitary personnel. As I write, the war is spreading to Bosnia and Herzegovina and threatens to turn into a disaster of far wider scope than the war in Croatia. The conflict has already claimed 3,083 civilian victims according to Croatian sources. The Yugoslav Army has confirmed about 1,279 dead soldiers. But it is reliably estimated that from 10,000 to 30,000people have been killed in all and another 30,000 people are reported m i~s i n g .~ The estimated number of refugees ranges from 600,000 to over 1 milliona4 This is the third mass migration of Yugoslavians since 1939. The first consisted of people fleeing persecution in the Second World War and the mainly involuntary internal migration and emigration of Yugoslavians in the immediate postwar period. The second mass population movement was a legal labour migration, mainly to various West European countries as part of the "guest worker" programme of the 1960s and 1970s. It was a unique

Migration from the countries of former Yugoslavia and its impact on international relations.

2010

The aim of the submitted article is to present an analysis of external migration from and to the territory of former Yugoslavia after 1990 and to identify its impact on international relations. In the fi rst section the authors present the character and fundamental attributes of the migrations brought about by the breakup of Yugoslavia, and in the next section they attempt to determine material and temporal connections between the changes to the migration and integration policy of the destination countries in response to the humanitarian crisis in Yugoslavia. The authors also attempt to map the possible infl uences of the southern Slavic and Kosovo communities on international relations, primarily on the level of bilateral relations between the successor states of former Yugoslavia and countries hosting large communities of persons of southern Slavic origin. From the conducted analysis it ensues that migration after 1990 was primarily forced and was in connection with military confl icts and human rights violations on a mass scale. In addition to this, external migration was also stimulated by a strong economic motivation. The destination and potential destination countries progressively formulated a strategy for confl ict resolution, which resides in a strict time limitation of the residence of refugees (status of temporary protection) and is intended to prevent their permanent settlement: the political endeavour was directed towards ensuring the security of the displaced persons directly on the site of the confl ict or in the immediate surroundings thereof, and specifi c political solutions are also adapted to this target, in particular with regard to speed and effectiveness. Visa policy is also adapted towards this goal, and there is an evident trend to prevent any uncontrollable and unregulated mass migrations of population.