Fate of Clonal Lineages during Neoplasia and Metastasis Studied with an Incorporated Genetic Marker (original) (raw)
The fate of clonal lineages in tumor formation and metastasis has been studied by genotypic marking of cells from three separate tumor lines of different malignant potential. Marking was accomplished by random incorporation of the neomycin resistance gene and visualized by Southern blot analysis of integration sites. Primary tumors formed by polvi-lima! cell suspensions of all three cell lines injected s.c. usually remained polyclonal even at late stages of tumor growth and metastatic spread. Lung métastases were often clonal, but it was not unusual to find ones of polyclonal origin. Lymph node métastases were almost always polyclonal and remained so, as they grew large. Sometimes clones present in the original inoculum were absent in the primary. Other times clones visible in the métastases were undetectable in the corresponding primary tumor. Occasionally a single clone became dominant in the primary, and others were eliminated, but this was not a necessary prelude to the onset of invasive or metastatic behavior.
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