New Imperialism: Towards a Holistic Approach (original) (raw)
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TOWARDS A NEW THEORY OF IMPERIALISM.docx
Extant theories of imperialism have been largely drawn from historical effects rather than from historical causes. Such theoretical basing for imperialism simply indicates misunderstanding of the subject, which, indeed, has led to plethora of its theories as it has been, because narratives of effects are characteristically florid and fluid. An approach like that to study of imperialism is, no doubt, simply inadequate as it has created such much confusion than understanding of this vital part of man's history. Therefore, using causality and realism, this paper argues from histories of ancient Rome and the United States of America that imperialism is typically caused, and that effects of empires are not denominator for imperialism, therefore, its description cannot be multiplied. It shows that theory of imperialism is better drawn from its causality. The paper consequently proffers ease system as the singularized functional theory of imperialism.
Modern Imperialism and Colonialism: A Global Perspective
2010
Maps Preface Introduction Why Define? Empire Imperialism Colonialism Global and Modern Questions Part I: The Rise of Early Modern Empires, c.1350-1650 Chapter 1: Empire: The Emergence of Early Modern States and Empires in Eurasia and Africa The Emergence of the Early Modern State System A Gunpowder Revolution Sectoral Alliances The Search for Legitimacy Sub-Saharan African Empires? Conclusion Questions Chapter 2: Imperialism and Colonialism: Imperial Interaction and Nascent Colonialism in Early Modern Eurasia and North Africa Models of Early Modern Colonialism Themes in Early Modern Colonialism The Economic Underpinnings of Early Modern Integration Imperial Interaction and Grand Alliances The Portuguese Estado da India Conclusion Questions Chapter 3: Imperialism: Intersecting Empires in the Americas Iberian Motivations for Exploration, Trade, and Conquest The First Iberian Colonies in the Americas American Imperialism The Columbian Exchange Iberian Empires in the New World Questions...
RECONCEPTUALISATION OF IMPERIALISM.docx
Imperialism has been conceptualised variously using Roman political history as the overall framework. Conclusions sometimes arrived at portray imperialism as exploitation, averring aggression and inequality. Such conclusions, however, misrepresent Roman imperialism as they reflect only the appearance and not the substance. This is because imperialism has been principally considered from effect rather than cause, thus creating a generic perception and indifferentiation in the stream of world political history. If viewed rather through causality, imperialism in the Roman political history is genetic, indicating that differentiation exists in the extant paradigms of imperialism. This paper, therefore, considered imperialism with causal model within historical framework of ancient Rome and the United States of America and theoretical framework of realism, using relevant elements of European foreign policies as analytical foil. The paper is then able to establish that: existing perception of imperialism as exploitative is inadequate; imperialism has another perspective; Roman imperialism differs from others; existing definitions of imperialism do not correctly define it; its existing theories do not correctly explain it; imperialism cannot be judged from effects; and that the US history contains collateral Roman variables of imperialism, thereby forming a model with Rome. Imperialism is consequently reconceptualised with the Roman/US variables.
Imperialism: Beyond the 'Re-turn to empire' in International Relations
Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations, 2021
Studies of empire and imperialism within IR have been rejuvenated in recent years. This has pulled in multiple dimensions. Some, partly responding to the renaissance of American empire, have explored the political form of empire and its impact on systems of world order. Elsewhere, taking inspiration from intellectual history and the “historiographical turn” within international political thought, imperialism and its intersection with internationalism have featured once more within the disciplinary purview. In addition, and linked to this, the imperial turn has prompted disciplinary self-reflection as IR has considered its own imperial roots. This chapter explores each of these developments in turn, including their payoffs for the IR discipline. The chapter argues that despite these developments, the treatment of empire within historical IR still exhibits a degree of Eurocentrism, an overlooking of those subjected to imperial rule, and a continued reliance upon secondary sources. Addressing these deficiencies offers a terrain as yet unexplored.
2016
Emanuele Saccarelli y Latha Varadarajan, Imperialism: Past and Present, New York, Oxford University Press, 2015, 256 pp.
Conceptualising Imperialism in the 21st century
Current debates surrounding the invasion, occupation and ongoing conflict in Iraq, and indeed the entire prosecution of the 'War on Terror', raise the issue of whether America is attempting to establish an empire. If it is, and this is by no means clear, then what is the character of this 'new imperialism'? Hardt and Negri have argued in Empire that state sovereignty has been transferred to supra-state global sovereignty, and that individual states are no longer able to coordinate an imperial project. On the other hand Ellen Meiksins Wood has argued in Empire of Capital, that the processes of capitalist appropriation and extra-economic coercion are so co-dependent that capitalism could not actually survive without the military force of nation states. If this is the case, modern imperial adventures may be a phenomenon of late capitalism; its global presence as Chalmers Johnson's 'empire of bases' is required for the continuation of wealth extraction under globalisation. So are such incursions still related to individual states, their interests, and the exploitation of resources? Are they akin to the sort of atavistic expansion of the nineteenth century? And how long will such modern adventures last, for as Michael Ignatieff argues in Empire Lite, modern occupation aims to be temporary and seeks the restructuring of politics within states so that challenges to American geopolitical power may be eliminated swiftly.