Skopos Theory as an Extension of Rhetoric (in Poroi, An Interdisciplinary Journal of Rhetorical Analysis and Invention) (original) (raw)
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Cultural Rhetoric and translation theory, used together as a method of analysis of literary works, can result in a very appropriate theoretical framework to reveal the radical interculturality of the literary text, particularly present and challenging in ectopic texts and translated texts. By means of theoretical tools such as the partes artis, it is possible to analyse different aspects of the production process of these literary texts, to isolate some of their specific features and, therefore, to challenge their historically non-predominant role in literary systems, from the perspective of a change to come that revalues what literary systems have of translated or hybridized.
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From early romanticism to more recent post-structuralist and postcolonial studies, all the possibilities and impossibilities that are inherent in translation have fueled debate about authorship, intent, readership, functional equivalence, worldview, the building of national literatures, power differentials, ethics, and gender issuesamong many other topics-and, of course, about the nature of "meaning" as the alleged sole legal tender of "all things translation." However, translation has less often been scrutinized as a form of rhetorical transaction; fundamentally, all translations are attempts, in and of themselves, to persuade their readership of some degree of correspondence with their source. They have also been seen as covertly phatic texts; they call the audience's attention to the existence of another text that translation identifies, mimics, annihilates, and resurrects. Translations advertise the existence of a text by, paradoxically, causing it to "disappear" in its original form and then by taking over its identity; a translation is the very illusion of reading Dostoyevsky or Borges while actually not doing so. However, the relationship between translation and rhetoric surpasses this ontological threshold of persuasion, by which readers of translations are prone to be persuaded of clean equivalence between texts.
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Rhetoric is commonly known as an old discipline for the persuasive usage of language in linguistic communication acts. In this article we examine the concept ‘rhetoric’ from 1. the diachronic perspective of historical linguistics showing that the concept ‘rhetoric’ is linguistically present in various Indo-European roots and exists across several language families and 2. the theoretical perspective towards the concept ‘rhetoric’ with a contemporary defi nition and model in the tradition of rhetorical theory. The historical and systematic approaches allow us to describe the features of the conceptualization of ‘rhetoric’ as the process in theory and empirical language history. The aim of this article is a formal description of the concept ‘rhetoric’ as a result of a theoretical process of this conceptualization, the rhetorization, and the historical documentation of the process of the emergence of the concept ‘rhetoric’ in natural languages. We present as the concept ‘rhetoric’ a specifi c mode of linguistic communication in ‘rhetoricized’ expressions of a natural language. Within linguistic communicative acts ‘rhetoricized language’ is a process of forming structured linguistic expressions. Based on traditional rhetorical theory we will in a case study present ‘formalization,’ ‘structuralization,’ and ‘symbolization’ as the three principle processes, which are parts of this process of rhetorization in rhetorical theory