Jollibee Moves Abroad: Following the Waves in Migration of Filipinos and Globalization (original) (raw)
The Space of Travel Writing and the Filipino Gaze
where she teaches English Literature, Italian Literature, Comparative Literatures, literary theory, semiotics, hermeneutics, and women studies. She has published extensively on literature and literary criticism in books and leading journals from Europe and North America. A recent visitor to the University, Prof. Locatelli delivered her contribution to this volume at a guest lecture hosted by the DECL.
Americanization of the Filipino Food and Kitchen: Promoting Refrigeration and Ice Cream in the 1920s
Southeast Asian Media Studies, 2019
Curricula, cookbooks, and advertisements published in the early 1900s provide a means by which we can see the various ways that the Americans attempted to influence all aspects of Filipino life following their colonial agenda. How did the Americans use food and technology so foreign to Filipinos to entice them to participate in modernization? Through the use of alternative sources, this study offers a socio-historical narrative of the American rule in the Philippines as it explains how the Americans tried to colonize the Filipino taste and palate by (1) teaching Filipinos the American ways and ideals in schools and (2) portraying the "American" as modern and cosmopolitan in advertisements. In discussing the implementation of the American colonial project, this paper looks at the popularization of American imports such as the refrigerator and ice cream in the 1920s to examine the role of education and media in the creation of new desires and the promotion of a new lifestyle in the country.
Glocalising Cultural Desire: Texts on the Overseas Filipina Worker (OFW)
Kemanusiaan The Asian Journal of Humanities
The export of labour in the Philippines has been a state response to a failing economy. Filipino labour, one of the biggest assets of the Philippine state, became in great demand in the United States, Middle East, Europe and the rich countries of Asia. In the last decades, the demand for female labour has equalled and sometimes surpassed that for male labour. Female foreign workers from the Philippines laboured mostly as maids, caregivers, medical personnel and entertainers. My study posits the idea that the social conditioning of the Filipina in the home and the community prepares her to be a good Filipino woman and that these same traits make her an attractive commodity in the global market. Local and global expectations split the Filipina worker's subjectivity. For instance, trained to be an agent of nurture within the family, she is preferred by employers in nursing and caregiving facilities overseas. Trained in the musical culture of the Filipino household and community, she is preferred as an entertainer in hotels and bars. The study furthermore examines the tension between the cultivation of a local cultural good and its transformation into an instrument of commercial profit and exploitation when it enters the globalised space. The globalised subjectivity returns to the local with mixed results. This paper will use literary texts on the overseas Filipina worker as they explore her evolving subjectivity during the process of glocalisation.
This article develops a "migrant marketplace" model for globalizing histories of migrant foodways. It defines migrant marketplaces as transnational urban centers constituted by physical and imagined linkages between mobile people and the traveling foods and culinary experiences that follow them. The article first identifies variables that have shaped the establishment, growth, and nature of migrant marketplaces. It then traces key moments in the history of migrant and food trade connections during which mobile people emerged as facilitators of global foods. It also considers the social and cultural consequences such intertwined mobilities of migration, and food have had on migrant foodways, on the larger food cultures in which migrants are situated, and on wider transnational commodity networks. As this article demonstrates, the trade routes in foodstuffs created and maintained by migrant eaters and entrepreneurs reveal histories of migrant cuisines that cannot be contained solely within nation-centric perspectives. As producers and consumers of foods, migrants create global commercial spaces defined by physical and imagined links between themselves and their traveling foods and culinary experiences. These are the "migrant marketplaces" that are the focus of this special issue. Foods and culinary cultures do not simply diffuse or spread across the world, disconnected from mobile people and the time-and place-specific political, legal, and economic policies that allow for or discourage such mobility. 1 Instead, migrants' expectations, initiatives, and desires drive histories of global integration, and they do so within larger, often inequitable national and international structures that constrain what, where, and how people eat. A focus on migrants and the trade routes in foodstuff they create tells a different story about globalization, one characterized just as much by the movements of everyday people and their food cultures as about top-down processes initiated by politicians and business elites. Global connections between mobile people and mobile foods have shaped migrants' consumer identities and experiences, the larger foodways in which they are enmeshed, and wider transnational commodity and labor networks. Through their demand for homeland foods, it is the global migrant who makes place matter in the migrant marketplace. Migrant desire for homeland tastes has made possible the transfer of ingredients, food knowledge, and culinary nostalgia across national and regional
Serving Resistance on the Menu: The Cultural Politics of Filipino Cuisine in Winnipeg and Ottawa
This thesis explores the cultural politics of Filipino cuisine in Canada. Filipinos are the fourth largest visible minority group in Canada yet their cuisine remains underrepresented in the Canadian foodscape compared to other Asian groups. By comparing Winnipeg and Ottawa's contexts, I explore how Filipino cuisine entrepreneurs "do" Filipino cuisine through their establishments. I also examine potential explanations as to why Filipino cuisine is not mainstream. The findings suggest that the underrepresentation of Filipino cuisine can be attributed to structural barriers (colonialism and institutional racism) and the low incidence of Filipino entrepreneurship. Through culinary entrepreneurial practices, Filipino cuisine entrepreneurs engage in a politics of resistance and identity work. For some, the production of Filipino cuisine is implicated in the struggle against cultural assimilation. For others, it is an act of cultural pride and a politics of representation that seeks to disrupt the "hypervisibility" and "invisibility" of Filipino-Canadians and Filipino cuisine. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing this thesis was a transformative and cathartic experience. It has changed the way I think about my Filipino-Canadian identity; although accomplishing this was not easy. Through this research I learned that like so many other 1.5 generation and second generation Filipinos, I exhibited "colonial mentality"a form of internalised racism among subaltern groups (David 2013; David, Petalio and Sharma 2017). Growing up, I rejected my Filipino heritage and felt no pride in my culture due to negative encounters with members of my extended family and others in Winnipeg's Filipino community. I thought that "all Filipinos are the same" (of course, while excluding myself from that evaluation), leading me to distance myself from the Filipino community. While conducting my field work, I later discovered from my conversations with other Filipinos that I was not alone in my struggles and negative encounters. This would later lead me to reconsider my negative assessment of Filipino people and Filipino culture. I encountered nothing but kindness and generosity from other Filipinos, which was a stark contrast from what I grew up with. Perhaps, I thought, I was wrong to generalize. Later on, when I became engaged in postcolonial Filipino literature I realised that my negative experiences, along with many others, could be attributed to a larger system of colonialism in the Philippines-it was then I connected my experiences to "colonial mentality." Arriving to this realisation was difficult to accept at first, however, it is necessary to accept painful truths about oneself in order to "decolonize" the mind (Decena 2014). Decolonizing the mind was the first step to rediscovering a part of my identity that I had locked away and buried in the sand for so long. This thesis has contributed to my growth as an academic and as a person. None of this would have been possible without the help of countless people who were at my side over the past two years and beyond. I would like to thank my participants, mentors, classmates, friends, and loved ones for their continued support during this journey to finishing this thesis. To my research participants in Winnipeg and Ottawa, thank you all so much working with me on this project. I am forever grateful for your insights, stories, and words of encouragement. This thesis would have not been possible without your participation. Your kindness has truly opened my eyes and has radically changed the way I think about Filipino people and Filipino culture. I will never forget the generosity of those who had graciously viii
Autopoetics, Market Competence, and the Transnational Author
Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2022
Although materialist analyses have critiqued the institutionalization of postcolonial studies and its emergence in global capitalism, only few have addressed the role of creative writing in standardizing migrant novelistic production to what Mark McGurl has designated as ‘program fiction’ whose trademark is the practice of “involuted self-reference”. In filling this gap, this paper looks into Gina Apostol’s writings and their reception by international audiences as exemplary of the cultural capital of program fiction. While Apostol’s autofictions/ficto-criticism points to the influence of creative writing in her novels — she studied under John Barth in the MFA program in Johns Hopkins University, this context is overlooked when metropolitan readers construe her work as postcolonial literature. I argue that Apostol’s textualist renderings of Philippine history is an act of ventriloquism whose metropolitan success is a symptom of the auratic authority of postcolonial studies in the Fi...
Globalization of Sundanese Food (West Java) through Cultural Translation
IJHSS, 2019
The typical of Indonesian gastronomy already known in the world is Rendang Padang. However there are still many of Indonesian food that match the taste of the world, including soto and rawon. One effort to introduce traditional food is through cultural translation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the globalization of Sundanese food (West Java) through cultural translation. We expect that it will contribute to create sustainable economic development based on traditional culinary business community in ASEAN. To achieve the purpose of this study an eclectic approach is used, namely the incorporation of theories that fit the objectives of the study. There are three main steps in this study: First, the provision of selected data in the form of a corpus of Sundanese food names. Second, the data analysis is using a method of cultural translation, because translation as a process of intercultural communication act (intercultural transformation). Third, the presentation of data in the form of descriptive explanation. The results from this study are three things. First, strategies, methods, and techniques of Sundanese culinary translationin French language and Arabic language. Cultural translation techniques include pure lending of regional languages, use of generic terms, scientific latin name, definition, and adaptation. Second, the similarities and the differences between source language and target language. Third, it has been proven that the translation of Sundanese culinary helps to introduce culinary globally through the development of human resources capacity in culinary business community, especially in the field of marketing and promotion.