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THE MOTIVATIONS OF SPANISH AID TO LATIN AMERICA
We demostrated in Chapter 5 that the McGillivray Performance Index picks up accurately the variation in the allocation of Spanish aid to Latin America. From this conclusion, we just know that the per capita level of income of the recipients did not seem to play a relevant role in the distribution of Spanish aid from that year on, but it does not give evidence about the real motivations of Spanish aid. To analyse the determinants underlying the distribution of Spanish aid we need to use the aid motivation approach identified in Chapter 3. There, it was mentioned that the aid allocation literature has identified two main distribution models that have been widely used to study the motivation for aid; the Recipient Needs /Donor Interests and the Hybrid model. It was also pointed out that the selection of the distribution model and the selection of the dependent variable were relevant issues in designing these models.
Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 2018
The paper examines the dilemma of foreign aid as an invaluable tool for the economic development of Latin American region up till the 1990s. The study employed the narrative and analytical historical methods of research and analysis. Data was generated through library search. It was critically analysed employing the qualitative technique of content analysis of historical documents. The study notes that some advanced countries like USA, Canada, and Australia pumped and has still been pumping vast amount of money as aid to the region since the 1930s. Some goals of the aid regime were to: stimulate improved standard of living of citizens of Latin American states; alleviate poverty; promote rural infrastructural development and; enhance economic growth and sustainable development. Ironically, however, the paper records that all the Latin American states had to show for the huge inflow of foreign aid have been unparalleled level of corruption; huge foreign debt profile, significant level of illiteracy; political instability; incessant regime change; endemic conflicts; low level of domestic savings and significant impoverishment of women population, among others, with the possible exception to Cuba. It concludes that leaders of Latin American states should institute economic policies that are domestic-savings dependent and shun corruption to ostensibly promote sustainable development in the nearest future. Contribution/Originality: The paper"s primary contribution is finding that the huge inflow of foreign aid into Latin American states has neither translated into an improved standard of living for average citizens nor succeeded to stimulate sustainable economic development in the region over the years.
The Spanish pattern of aid giving
Working Papers del Instituto Complutense de …, 2008
The geographical allocation of Spanish aid has been little studied, despite the fact that it is unusually concentrated on middle-income countries. This paper sets out a model of Spanish ODA policy based on a mixture of recipient needs, donor interests and effectiveness considerations. Moreover it analyses both the aid-partner selection process and the eventual aid-quota allocation. The results show that Spain has followed an eclectic pattern of aid allocation, involving recipient needs, but where self-interest predominates and performance criteria are absent. The apparently insufficient progressiveness of the Spanish allocation is due mainly to the influence of the post-colonial links -although these links have characterized the geographical specialization of all donor countries that were once colonial metropolises.
Aiding middle-income countries? The case of Spain
Oxford Development Studies, 2008
The geographical allocation of Spanish aid has been little studied, despite its unusual concentration on middle-income countries. This paper develops a theoretical model in which aid allocation depends on a combination of recipient needs, donor interests and performance criteria, and estimates it econometrically for Spain. The results show that the allocation of Spanish aid has been influenced both by Spain’s own foreign policy interests and by recipient needs for poverty reduction and development (though not by the quality of recipient governance or recipient absorptive capacity). Former Spanish colonies received a disproportionate share of Spain’s aid (as is true mutatis mutandis for other European countries), but aid is allocated among them with greater regard to recipient need than is Spain’s aid to other developing countries.
Resumo: Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa em curso cujo objetivo é confrontar as demandas das instituições policiais latino-americanas com os programas no âmbito da reforma do setor de segurança financiados com recursos internacionais no continente. A hipótese orientadora deste estudo é que os programas de ajuda externa focados na reforma do setor de segurança na América Latina são genéricos e ignoram demandas locais provenientes das organizações policiais. Sugerese que a oferta internacional nesta área segue uma agenda regional, que é basicamente preventiva e muito resistente a trabalhar com as polícias. Parte do trabalho é mapear países doadores e receptores destes recursos para analisar programas executados nos países latino-americanos. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e os primeiros resultados de nossa pesquisa empírica.
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean
2006
Trends in U.S. foreign assistance to Latin America generally reflect the trends and rationales for U.S. foreign aid programs globally. U.S. assistance spiked in the 1960s during President Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, reflecting an interest in preventing the spread of Soviet and Cuban influence in the region, and recognizing poverty as one possible root cause of popular discord. In the 1980s, the U.S. focus shifted to the Central American isthmus where leftist insurgencies were challenging friendly governments, and where a leftist movement in Nicaragua had taken control of government through armed combat. Substantial amounts of U.S. assistance were provided to support Central American governments and the U.S.-backed Contras seeking to overthrow the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. In the aftermath of the 1989 U.S. military intervention in Panama, and the 1990 electoral defeat of the Sandinista government in Nicaragua, U.S. assistance to these two countries increased substantia...
This paper seeks to evaluate the role of traditional development donors in supporting South-South cooperation through triangular cooperation in the context of the aid effectiveness agenda. As a case study, it compares the United States and Spain and the partnerships each country has established with Chile to carry out triangular (trilateral) development projects. First, it establishes the conceptual and historical framework for the promotion of South-South and triangular cooperation. Then, it examines the U.S.-Chile and Spain-Chile partnerships’ origins, framework, and projects in Latin America, and conducts an evaluation of their use of best practices based on Chile’s own criteria. Finally, a SWOT analysis is completed, recommendations are made for improving the U.S. and Spain’s involvement in triangular cooperation initiatives, and opportunities for future research are considered. Further studies and systematization of experiences are needed to continue advancing in understanding the role of Northern donors in triangular cooperation and the modality’s potential impact on positively reshaping North-South development cooperation.
The Geographical Allocation Pattern of Spanish Official Development Assistance
QEH Working Papers
The Spanish aid geographical specialization has been scarcely study, despite its peculiar orientation towards middle-income countries. This paper derives a model for the Spanish ODA policy within an integrated recipients’ needs and donor’s interests approach, in order to analyse the decision of selecting aid-partners, and the decision of allocating aid-quotas –thus considering the censored nature of aid–. Spain has followed a “hybrid” pattern, meeting some “altruistic” criteria, but prevailing its “self-interests” and not considering other aspects related to the partners’ governances and absorptive capacities. Spain has differentiated two distributional patterns in terms of its geographical preferences, only carrying out a more balanced strategy of altruist motivations and foreign policy interests with its former colonies. This insufficient progressivity of the allocation is mainly driven by the influence of the post-colonial links –although these links have characterized the allocation patterns of all donor countries that were colonial metropoli.
The Egalitarian Impact of Aid on some Latin American Countries
Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 2(4): 135-149., 2014
Literature on the relationship between aid and inequality is scarce and contradictory. Most studies are based on dynamic panel data using internal instruments to deal with endogeneity. In addition to these techniques, this article introduces the persistency of inequality and a double-censored Gini index. We apply for the first time a dynamic and double-censored panel data estimated applying the Simulated Maximum Likelihood method to a sample of 18 Latin American countries for 1990-2008. The main findings are that public expenditure in consumption and foreign direct investment had a positive effect on inequality whereas aid had a negative (egalitarian) effect. Neither taxes nor public social spending had a significant effect on inequality.