Pharmacological effects and active phytoconstituents of Swietenia mahagoni: a review (original) (raw)
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ad-Dawaa' Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
One of the herbal medicinal plants in Indonesia with antidiabetic activity is mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). Differences in plant parts used, extraction methods, and solvents during the extraction process will result in different characterization, quantity, and active phytochemical compounds in the extract. This study aimed to determine the content of active phytochemical compounds and extract characteristics of mahogany seed that fit the standards. Extracts were made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, then extract was characterized, and phytochemicals of active compounds were screened using reagents according to each group of compounds' test method. 50.16 g of 70% ethanol extract of mahogany seeds produced in this study had a solid form, characteristic odor, bitter taste, and brown color. The extract has the characteristics of water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extracts content, and soluble ethanol extracts conte...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq) is one of the plants that is often used by the community as traditional medicine. One of them is antifungal, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and eczema. This study aims to obtain standardized extracts from mahogany seeds and leaves. Standardization of purified extract of mahogany has been carried out according to the monographs of extract standardization guidelines, which include testing of specific and non-specific parameters. The results of the specific parameter testing showed that the purified extract of mahogany seeds is a thick extract, brown to reddish, smells distinctive and has a bitter taste. While the purified extract of mahogany leaves is a thick extract, greenish-brown in color, distinctive smell and has a bitter taste. The chemical content of purified extract of mahogany seeds and leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. Water-soluble essence levels in mahogany seeds and leaves was 14.84% and 10....
POTENTIAL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF SELECTED PRIORITY MEDICINAL TREES
Medicinal trees; Warburgia salutaris, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Cassia abbreviata, and Zahna africana for long have been considered important sources of antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant for medical importance by natives of Tanzania. The primary objective of this study was to assess and document the bioactive ingredient/ compounds found in prioritized medicinal plant species that are commonly used in Tanzania. A systematic review utilizing meta-analysis approach was used to obtain pertinent information based on the selected medicinal trees. Reasonable amount of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, terpenes, volatile oils and organic acids were commonly reported by reviewed studies. Z. chalybeum possessed phytochemical compounds alkaloids that combat malaria and microorganism infections. The terpenes and phenolics in W. salutaris were sufficiently reported and the tree was used as an antimalarial, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial, and being tested for anti-viral activity. C. abbreviata (long pod cassia) had less reported information on the presence of phytochemicals. The cassinidin A and B, and tannin in C. abbreviata functioned as malaria parasite cytological inhibitors, and acted against bacterial and fungal infections. Compounds in Z. africana were found as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacteria and anti-fungi. The secondary compounds zanha saponins were less reported for their anti-malaria active function.
The Medicinal Properties of Plants & Their Potential uses in Preventive Medicine
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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential
Caesalpinia sappan L. [synonym Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod.] Belonging to the family Caesalpiniaceae is a thorny and shrubby small to medium-sized tree up to 4-10m tall native to India and Malaysia. In this review, a comprehensive detail on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of C. sappan is discussed. The plant is cultivated as a hedge plant and as an ornamental plant. It is known commonly as Sappan in English, Pattanga in Ayurveda, Bakam in Unani, and Patangam in Siddha. The plant is traditionally used to treat several diseases such as wounds, leprosy, diabetes, skin diseases and diarrhoea. The heartwood of C. sappan is used as a natural coloring agent for wine, meat, fabric, food products, beverages and pharmaceuticals. The Sappan wood contains phenolic components such as xanthone, coumarin, chalcones, flavones, isoflavonoids and brazilin. Brazilin is the major naturally occur compound in the C. sappan heartwood and is reported to exhibit various pharmacological properties. The plant is reported to exhibit a range of pharmacological activities such as enzyme inhibitory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, wound healing, analgesic, anticonvulsant, hypolipidemic, insecticidal, antiplasmodic and others.
A Review on Favorable Approaches of Swietenia macrophylla Plant for the Human Ailments
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research
Swietenia macrophylla king is herbaceous plant belonging to family Meliaceae was commonly known as Mahogany, found in the Caribbean countries, Central America, West Indies, Indonesia, Malaysia, and South America. It is a large tree with height up to 35 to 40 meters, and the diameter of the wooden trunk reaches up to 125 cm. The outer cover is blackish-brown, till maturation of plant then turned into grayish with the smooth surface, while the flowering condition occurs after the 7 years of maturation. Swietenia macrophylla king extract was evaluated for the hypoglycemic activity of seeds combined with endocarps extracts in hot water and methanol. The seeds have been developed attention in the world in recent years subsequent to the biotechnology research center for discovered various health benefits in the human body. Research scientists exposed the seed contains many natural nutrients and minerals may beneficial for human health condition. It contains three major active constituents...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016
Environmental factors are known to affect genes in various ways. They are affecting the gene products including the production of both primary and secondary metabolites, hence the need to assess the phytochemical and nutritional compositions of Morinda lucida Benth and Alstonia boonei De Wild growing in Nsukka, Enugu state, south eastern Nigeria. The qualitative analyses of the plant parts showed the presence of all the tested phytochemicals in various levels ranging from trace (+) to very heavily present (++++). The quantitative estimates showed significant variations in their values in leaves, stems bark and roots in some phytochemical components. Results of the proximate also showed the contents of protein were 2.46-17.69 and 1.45-2.1; fats 0.49-1.88 and 0.84-1.4; carbohydrates 68.76-81.63 and 17.81-31.38; and ash 2.33-2.9 and 0.78-2.75 in M. lucida and A. Boonei plant parts, respectively. Vitamins A, E and K and anti-nutritional factors, phytate and oxalate also varied in the leaves, stems bark and roots. The results showed that these medicinal plants grown in Nsukka, a Derived Savanna Agro-Ecology, are rich in phytochemicals and proximate nutrients. The rich presence of these phytochemicals and other nutritive values supports the use of the different parts of these plants in ethno-medicine and equally creates the possibility for their use in drug formulation.
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. belongs to the family Rutaceae / Meliaceae / Chloroxylaceae, is a medicinal and aromatic tree of dry deciduous forests. It is popularly known as Yellow wood, East Indian satin wood and Ceylon satin wood. The stem bark is credited for its effectiveness in the treatment of common cough and cold, it is also used as an astringent. Its pharmacognostic data for authentication of the crude drug is not available, hence, in the present study, macroscopical, microscopical, and preliminary phytochemical investigations of stem bark is undertaken. Powder microscopy revealed that Cork cells, Calcium oxalate crystals, Phloem parenchyma, medullary rays and thick walled phloem fibers were abundant. Anatomical studies showed the presence of phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm with abundant secondary phloem. The qualitative chemical tests of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water extracts of stem bark revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins.
Traditional medicinal knowledge of woody species across climatic zones in Benin (West Africa)
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2021
Plant parts are often used by local people to treat their affections. This study addressed the Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of woody species in Benin and the dependence of medicinal use of woody species on climatic zones. Aim of the study: It reports (i) the main diseases categories treated with medicinal use of woody species in Benin and changes across climatic zones by inferring their epidemiological status, and (ii) the woody species involved and their distribution according to climate conditions. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical interviews were undertaken using a semi-structured questionnaire. Five hundred and ninety medicinal plant professionals (healers, traders …) were interviewed in the whole country. Frequency of citation and informant consensus factor were calculated to highlight the main human diseases categories and woody species used for their treatment. A principal component analysis was performed to determine the occurrence of diseases categories in different climatic zones. Results: About 94% of international diseases categories were treated using medicinal woody species in Benin. Nighty-seven ailments in 16 diseases categories were identified. Among them, 5 diseases categories (General and unspecified, Digestive, Skin, Neurological, and Musculoskeletal) were highlighted as important. The Sudano-Guinean zone showed the highest diseases frequencies, whereas the Sudanian zone showed the lowest. The epidemiological status of some phytodistricts was worrisome. In our study, 123 woody species belonging to 93 genera and 35 families were reported, and among them, 16 were the most used as treatments. Conclusions: There is a lack of consensus among traditional healers about which woody species to use. Many different species were used to treat a given diseases category. Also, information concerning their organ composition was not available in the literature, for the majority of species. Biological and chemical investigations are thus needed for a better valorization of the most frequently used plants in the future.