WHERE ODISHA STANDS IN INDIA: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON (original) (raw)

Regional Disparity in Development of Odisha Economy: Assessment of Schemes, Issues and Challenges

Odisha is one the fastest growing state economies in India. According to 2015-16 Economic Survey, Odisha’s gross state domestic product (GSDP) was expected to grow at 7-8% in the 2014-15. Odisha has an agriculture-based economy which is in transition towards an industry and service-based economy. According to Dun and Bradstreet report, the GSDP is expected to grow at a rate of 8.1% during 2015-2020. Odisha is also one of the top FDI destinations in India. However, the state faces several developmental issues in terms of regional disparity. Removal of regional disparities has been one of the important development strategies of the State Government. However, due to several economic, social and institutional obstacles, all regions in Odisha have not shared the gains of development in an equitable manner. Some regions continue to remain backward. The undivided districts of Koraput, Bolangir and Kalahandi (KBK) form one such region where the incidence of poverty is very high. Several other pockets of southern and western Odisha are also socially and economically depressed. These regions are also frequently visited by natural calamities including severe droughts and floods. Persistence of heavy incidence of poverty in these regions is a cause of concern. Nine key initiatives, which have been taken to address problems of underdevelopment and regional disparities, are: Special Plan for KBK districts, Biju KBK Plan for KBK districts, Biju Kandhamal ‘O’ Gajapati Yojana, Backward Regions Grant Fund, ACA for Leftwing Extremism Affected Districts, Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana, Western Odisha Development Council for backward western districts, Grants-in-aid received to bridge critical infrastructure gaps in identified sectors in the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) areas, and implementation of development programmes in TSP areas funded out of Special Central Assistance. The State needs to conceptualize a well articulated development strategy with special emphasis on poverty and human development with emphasis on building rural and urban productive infrastructure, strengthen the momentum already gained in mobilizing rural poor with emphasis on, women and vulnerable groups, Strengthening social security system to reduce IMR, MMR, provide food security, and increase female literacy etc, Focused efforts for reducing poverty and achieving Sustainable Development Goals, Improving governance and service delivery mechanisms, Promoting broad-based growth, encouraging private investment, public private partnership and public private community partnership, Emphasis on creation of adequate self-employment / employment opportunities, Enhancing and promoting convergence at district level across large number of Government programmes through strengthening Integrated District Planning to achieve the SDGs, Focus on household based Micro-Planning to provide support for livelihoods of most vulnerable groups in different parts of the State with special emphasis to KBK region.

Analysis of Socio-economic Status of People in Aspirational Districts of Odisha for Inclusive Growth

2020

Aspirational district programme was launched by the government of India to uplift the 117 backward districts in the country through rapid development. Ten districts of Odisha were included in this programme which included Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Kandhamal, Balangir, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nuapada and Nabarangpur. Socio-economic variables formed important dimension for identifying the backwardness of districts. Hence, the socio-economic status of people in the 101 blocks in the ten backward districts were analyzed to address the weak points. The socio-economic indicators analyzed were: population density, sex ratio, SC and ST population, total literacy percent, male and female literacy percent, and gender gap in literacy percent and they were compared with the state average. Most of the aspirational districts are located in the southern part of Odisha except Dhenkanal. In the aspirational districts 89.3 percent of the population live in rural areas compared to 83.3 percent for state average. These aspirational districts have high tribal population (39.4 percent) with lower human density (153 per sq km), higher sex ratio (1010), low total literacy (58.1 percent), low female literacy (47.1 percent) and high gender gap in literacy (22.2 percent). The 101 blocks in the aspirational districts of Odisha were also ranked based on these indictors. The study revealed that the socio-economic indicators in the aspirational districts were weak which need focused attention for their improvement.

Growth and Regional Disparities in Odisha: An Analysis in the Post-reform Period

Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, 2020

The post-reform period has witnessed high economic growth in the net state domestic product (NSDP) of the state of Odisha. With a higher growth in income in the post-reform period, especially in the tertiary sector, the state witnessed high regional disparities among its districts in terms of per capita income (PCI). The regional disparities can be assessed by looking at the convergence/divergence in the PCI of the 30 districts of Odisha. The state has seen a sigma ( σ) divergence in the income of districts during the post-reform period, which points to an increase in income disparities among the districts. To know the sectoral effects of the income divergence, the PCI growths of the 30 districts, over the period from 1993–1994 to 2011–2012, are regressed with the initial PCI of the three sectors—primary, secondary and tertiary—of the 30 districts. The beta ( β) divergence shows a mixed result. The districts having a low PCI in the primary sector show a convergence, meaning these we...

Inter-state Disparities in Socio-economic Development in North East Region of India

Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012

The level of development of north east region has been estimated with the help of composite index based on optimum combination of socioeconomic indicators. The state-wise data for the year 2006 on forty eight indicators were used for seven states (seven sisters) of the north east region of India. Fifteen indicators are directly concerned with agricultural development, nine indicators are directly concerned with livestock development, twelve indicators are concern with socioeconomic development and the rest twelve indicators describe the level of development in infrastructural service sector. The level of development has been separately estimated for agricultural, livestock, infrastructure and overall socioeconomic field. In case of socioeconomic development, the Assam has been ranked first and Meghalaya is ranked last. Wide disparities were obtained in the level of development among different states. Positive Significant association is found between the Agriculture and Infrastructure fields. Literacy rate is also influencing the level of development in the positive direction. But the level of education, provision of health services, banking facilities, transport and communication system did not significantly influence the agricultural development. North eastern states require improvements of various dimensions in some of the indicators for enhancing the level of overall socioeconomic development for unified balanced integration of curative, preventive and promotional health services.

A Social and Economic Development Index - A State level approach for India

The aim of this study is thus in the first place to calculate a social and economic development index (SEDI), regarding each Indian State. The SEDI is based on a set of variables which attempts at reflecting the type of dynamics – regarding demography, education, health, and economics – present in each Indian State. The next move is to seek the homogeneity patterns between the various Indian States with recourse to the clusters multivariate statistic method. Clusters of Indian States highly differentiated from the rest; especially remarkable are the coastal areas/hinterland dichotomies as well as the significant asymmetries between each Indian State, which suggests the need for a special care in setting up the spatial boundaries prior to its application to regional development policies on behalf of its true effectiveness. Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Education, Demography, Regional development, Social and Economic Development

GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN ODISHA

This paper is an attempt to study the sectoral growth rate, the composition of growth and the relative performance of the Odisha economy over four decades (1970-71-2012-13). The post-reform period of Odisha recorded a high growth in output than the pre re-reform period. The first decade characterized by a slow primary sector growth. In the second and third decade, the secondary sector gained pace; while the primary sector witnessed a low and negative growth rate. The fourth decade, primary and tertiary sectors recorded a faster growth rate. Balakrishnan & Parameswaran (2007) methodology has been used for decomposition of growth among sectors. It shows that it's the tertiary sector which remains the major driver of growth over the year. While primary sector recorded a reduction in its contribution to the total growth, the secondary sector contribution remains constant over the year. The paper also intends to find, with higher growth whether the relative economic position of Odisha with respect to other states has witnessed any major changes and the answer is negative. INTRODUCTION Growth is a necessary & essential condition for economic development and inclusive growth. Growth is used as an indicator of economic wellbeing. The growth history of the developed countries has confirmed that with higher growth, the economy transforms from traditional to modern sector i.e. from agriculture to industry to service sector. The share of industry and service sector in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) starts to dominate the economy while the agricultural sector witnessed a decline in its share. One of the objectives of the inclusive growth is to generate both higher quantity and quality of employment. It is important to increase the income of those sectors, where the large mass depends on. In an underdeveloped and developing economy the large mass especially the poor mainly depends on the agriculture sector and hence the growth of this sector plays an important role for achieving inclusive growth.

Socio-Economic Development of Uttar Pradesh

2015

Rich in potential- in human and natural resources- Uttar Pradesh (UP) once appeared positioned to be the pace-setter for India's economic and social development. However, the growth rate of Uttar Pradesh has declined in the Eleventh Five Year Plan as against Bihar. The paper finds the causes of poverty and unemployment in Uttar Pradesh; it also analyse important socio-economic indicators of Uttar Pradesh. This research paper is based entirely on secondary data. The paper finds that demographic transition seems to be correlated with growth, with some reasons to believe that causality flows both ways—lower dependency ratios increase growth and higher growth reduces fertility and consequently dependency ratios. Rising rural incomes consequent to higher productivity will create a multiplier effect increasing farm and non farm products and services, thereby stimulating rapid growth of employment opportunity in other sectors. Cunha, (2010) findings demonstrates the close interaction ...

Socio-economic development of Uttar Pradesh: an empirical analysis

Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 2017

Since the concepts of social and economic development of a nation/region/state is crucial for the development of human resources, the objective of this paper is to examine the socio-economic development of Uttar Pradesh in the post-reform period.The findings of the study reveal a low level of human development, and consequential low level of growth of the economy of Uttar Pradesh. It is uniquely observed that the average performance of all economic as well as social sectors in the state has declined during 2012 and 2015.

A quantitative analysis of social and economic development among Indian states

International Research Journal of Social Science, 2021

Economic growth has a direct relationship with social development of a country as a whole. But the growth of economy is not always equitable to its social counterparts and often the development is concentrated in some areas/regions. The quantification of social progress is much complex and combination of multiple paramaters as compared to the economic development, which has several well-defined of mesurement creterias across the world. The present paper is an effort to quantify the social progress made by the states of India with respect to their economic growth. The common trend observed that the states with larger economy leads to achieve higher social progress. Though some states having meager economy, performed moderately in social front. Kerala is the best example of it, as the state having comparatively lower NSDP, scored top in social progress. Other notable progress on social front has been done by the states like Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab and Sikkim. Though such analyses require a long term time-series data on varous parameters to find out the causal relationship between economic growth and social progress. Moreover, higher economic growth is not always contributing the social progress equally for every region/sectors of the society. The paper presents a detailed compilation of some socioeconomic paramaters including GDP per capita, its growth rate, unemployment rate, poverty line population in rural/urban areas, human development index and their distribution across the states. The information presented in the paper is a dispersal outline of above mentioned parameters in readily available module, which could be used as a reference by the stakeholders and administrator/planners for their valued judgement and assessment.