EFFECT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LEACHATE ON THE STRENGTH OF COMPACTED TROPICAL SOIL FOR LANDFILL LINER (original) (raw)
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Civil and Environmental Research, 2013
Urbanization and population rise are major factors that contribute to increase quantity of waste generation and its disposal constraint especially in developing countries. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of five soils from southwestern Nigeria for their use as liners in sanitary landfill for disposal of solid waste. The required parameters for soils to be considered as liners were determined in accordance with the British Standard Institute. Results obtained showed that the percentage of fines range from 42% to 82% and index of plasticity values range from 25.0% to 32.6%. Clay activity varies between 0.47 and 0.88. Thus, the soils are classified as non-expansive clay of low to medium plasticity. The maximum dry density values at standard Proctor energy of compaction range from 1.46g/cm 3 to 1.96g/cm 3 while those obtained at modified Proctor energy range from 1.57g/cm 3 to 2.09g/cm 3 .The highest coefficient of permeability value obtained for all soils investigated is 2.99 x 10-9 m/s. All values compare favourably with those suggested by regulatory agencies. Consequently, they are suitable for use as liners in sanitary landfills.
Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2016
This study investigates the geotechnical properties of Azara clayey soils from Northcentral Nigeria for its potential use as liner in sanitary landfill. Six (6) samples were taken at about 2.5m interval each along exposed cliff and subjected to laboratory analyses. The required parameters for soils to be considered as mineral seal such as grain size distribution, Atterberg consistency limits, maximum dry density and hydraulic conductivity were determined using the BS 1377 1990 standard. Results obtained show that the grain size analysis of the soils samples are silty clayeysand and clayeysand. The results of Atterberg limit show that the samples can be grouped as low clay soils and medium clay soils. Compaction test analysis shows that sample 3 has the highest optimum moisture content (OMC) value of 10.25%. Sample 2 has the highest maximum dry density (MDD) value of 1.95g/cm 3 while samples 3 have the least MDD value of 1.52g/cm 3 for modified compaction test. The results of hydraulic conductivity (K) reveal that sample 6 has the least value of 1.2 x 10-8 cm/s, and sample 1 has the highest value of 3.0 x 10-7 cm/s which falls within value of various waste regulatory agencies. In addition, three samples have adequate basic geotechnical properties and strength characteristics which suggest the potential suitability of the soils as mineral seal in containment facility for disposal of solid waste materials.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017
This study aimed to develop a low-cost and effective clay liner material for solid waste landfills in Sri Lanka. A locally available clayey soil and its admixtures with 5 and 10% bentonite were examined for this purpose. Laboratory experiments to determine soil plasticity and swell index were carried out on the tested samples. Hydraulic conductivity (k) tests were carried out in the laboratory using water and an aqueous solution of CaCl 2 on unconsolidated samples prepared by either dry or slurry packing and pre-consolidated samples with five different consolidation pressures (p) from 10 to 200 kPa. Measured liquid limits for tested admixtures increased with increasing bentonite contents and correlated well with measured values of the swell index. The difference in permeant solutions had little effect on measured k values for both unconsolidated and pre-consolidated samples. The hydraulic conductivities were highly affected by changing p, i.e., the k values decreased on two orders of magnitude as p increased from 10 to 200 kPa. The Kozeny-Carman equation, a theoretical permeability model that expresses the k-porosity relationship, was applied to measured data including reported values. Results showed the Kozeny-Carman equation captured well the porosity-dependent k values for tested soils and their admixtures with bentonite under a wide range of void ratios, suggesting that the Kozeny-Carman equation is a useful tool to estimate the magnitude of k values for differently compacted soil and its bentonite admixtures.
2018
Some residual lateritic soils derived from crystalline basement complex rocks of south-western Nigeria were investigated for some geotechnical properties to ascertaining their suitability as mineral seals in sanitary landfills. Investigative tests include specific gravity, grain size analysis, consistency limits, compaction, permeability and unconfined compression. The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index (PI) values varied from 32.3 to 41 %, 19.2 to 21.3 % and 12.2 to 20.3 % respectively. Casagrande chart indicated inorganic clayey soils with low to medium plasticity. The computed clay activity ranged from 0.58 to 0.84 (Samples A, B and D) and 1.39 (Sample C), indicating Illite and Smectite as constituent clay minerals in the soils respectively. The PI values (12.2 to 20.3 %) implied that the soils will exhibit low to medium swelling potential when wet. The Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) values ranged from 1.67 to 2.01 g/cm 3 and 12.9 to 22...
ABSTRACT: Classification, compaction, CBR and hydraulic tests were undertaken on soil samples obtained from two borrow pits in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Classification using the BS 5930 indicated soil A as clay with a high plasticity and soil B as silt with a low plasticity. Similarly, AASTHO classification indicated soil A as soil type A-7-5 and soil B as A-4. The soils were stabilised with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% cement respectively. The maximum dry density and CBR of the stabilised soils increased with the increasing cement content andlength of timefrom mixture totesting of the composites. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the stabilised soils decreased with increased cement content and time period totesting. More importantly, the effect of period of time to testing on the saturated hydraulic conductivity was significant as the values of the stabilised soils with 10% cement content decreased from 4.48×10-5 m/sto 1.09×10-9m/s at 28 days. It was concluded that the essential properties of the cement-stabilised soil intended for use as bottom liner in MSW landfills improved with age.
2018
Department of Civil Engineering,<em> </em>Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Durgapur, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur-713 209, West Bengal, India <em>E</em>-<em>mail</em> : chandrimakol10@gmail.com, supriya_pal@rediffmail.com, k_adh@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 15 November 2017, revised 22 February 2018, accepted 07 March 2018</em> <strong>A study was undertaken to delineate the soil and ground water quality near a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill site in Durgapur, West Bengal, India. Various multivariate statistical techniques to include Pearson's correlation analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 17.0) were used to assess soil quality for parameters like Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), Magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), Sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>&...
Suitability Study of Subsurface Soil for Landfill Development in Makurdi-Nigeria
Siutability study of subsurface soil was carried out in five categorized structure of makurdi municipality for the development of engineered landfill. Hydro-mechanical properties of subsurface soils relevant to landifill development were texture, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture content, the bulk density, structure, consistency, temperature, colour and resistivity. Bouyoucoous Hydrometer method, principle of weighing the loss in mass of the test piece on drying to constant mass and hardness test of 'Agaraba' were methods used for particle size analysis, moisture content determination, compressive and hardness test respectively. Sand dominated the subsurface soil and was in the range of 80.4%-83.4% with moderate percentage of cley 13.2%-15.2%. Water holding capacity was between 3.0 and 5,0% as the porosity was in the range of 4.3-4.8%. The result of the bearing capacity indicated that site [A] has as 3211.00 KN/m3 and 4122.84KN/m3 outside and within the dumpsite respectively attesting to the highest value of compressive strenght due to trafic from compaction equipment. Factor at sites [D] and [E] approaches unity while [A] is 39% more strength than required and [B] and [C] 41% and 14% less strength than required.The determined liquid limits of the studied soils were all above 20 % and less than 90 % with mean value of 23.83%. Varying cohesion and angle of internal friction for all the dumpsites were observed with maximum cohesion as 17.61KN/m2 and friction angle of 21.8o at dumpsite [A].
A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste landfill leachate on soil properties in the dumpsite. Soils samples were randomly taken from the waste dumpsite and away from the waste dump site at a depth of 15cm. pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Total hardness, Cl, and Sulphate were determined. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses of variance (ANOVA). From the results obtained there were marked effects of the leachate on the parameters measured, when compared with those from the control site. These were higher at the waste dumpsite than the control site. And this show that, municipal solid waste landfill leachate considerably degrade the soil quality, the worst being soil organic carbon (7.56g/kg), available phosphorous (24.70mg/kg), Ca (1.79Cmol/kg), K (0.69Cmol/kg), Mg (0.29Cmol/kg), total hardness (0.56Cmol/kg) and sulphate (0.478mg/kg). The implications of these results on soil qualities are discussed. It is concluded that, environmental control measures should be put in place in sitting of waste dumpsite.
Study of Index and Engineering properties of soil due to the leachate at the landfill site
International Journal of Research in Advent Technology
Upsurge in population and urbanization has led to the need for better solid waste management. Waste generated if not managed properly can create many problems. Ahmedabad is known as the industrial capital of Gujarat and generates about 4000 metric tonnes of waste daily. Majority of this waste is dumped at an open excavated land termed as landfill. Leachate is the liquid generated because of water percolated through decomposing waste. This generated leachate is very toxic. It percolates in soil and alters its properties in this paper change in properties of soil due to leachate is discussed. Experiments were performed on the soil collected from the Pirana landfill site located at Daskoi in Ahmedabad. The study has revealed that the soil is loose and Leachate is affecting the soil properties both Index as well as Engineering. The Soil requires improvement for future construction.
Laboratory and field testing for utilization of an excavated soil as landfill liner material
Waste Management, 2006
This study investigates the feasibility of using a silty soil excavated in highway construction as landfill liner material. The tests were conducted both at laboratory and in situ scales, and the soil was tested in pure and lime treated forms. Different levels of compaction energy were used. For the field study, a test pad was constructed and in situ hydraulic conductivity experiments were conducted by sealed double ring infiltrometers (SDRI). Laboratory testing revealed that while lime treatment improved the shear strength, it resulted in higher hydraulic conductivity values compared to pure soil. It was observed that leachate permeation did not change the hydraulic conductivity of the pure and lime treated samples. Laboratory hydraulic conductivities were on the order of 10 À9 m/s and met the 1.0E À 08 m/s criterion in the Turkish regulations, which is one order of magnitude higher than the value allowed in most developed countries. SDRI testing, which lasted for 6 mo, indicated that lime treatment increased the hydraulic conductivity of pure soil significantly in the field scale tests. In situ hydraulic conductivities were on the order of 1E À 08 and 1E À 07 m/s, and exceeded the allowable value in the Turkish regulations. Undisturbed samples collected from the test pad were not representative of field hydraulic conductivities. Contrary to laboratory findings, higher compaction efforts did not result in lower hydraulic conductivities in field scales. The study verified the importance of in situ hydraulic conductivity testing in compacted liners.