Modeling of Spectrum Handoff in 3GPP LTE-A Indoor Deployment (original) (raw)
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An intelligent spectrum handoff scheme based on multiple attribute decision making for LTE-A network
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2019
Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) play an important role in wireless communications which have the ability to significantly utilize the spectrum that not in used and reduce the current spectrum scarcity. CR allows unlicensed users (secondary users) to occupy the licensed spectrums without causing interference with licensed users (primary users). This can be achieved smoothly through four main CR procedures: spectrum sensing, spectrum decision, spectrum sharing, and spectrum mobility. In this paper, we propose an intelligent spectrum handoff (SH) scheme based on multiple attributes decision making. The handoff decision depends on three considered parameters: received power, traffic load and arrival rate of the primary users. The simulation results show the proposed scheme outperformed the conventional scheme by reducing the probability of SH which leads to improve system performance.
A performance evaluation tool for spectrum sharing in multi-operator LTE networks
Computer Communications, 2012
Recent advances in wireless networking introduce the concept of resource sharing as one promising way to enhance the performance of radio communications. As the wireless spectrum is a scarce resource, and its usage is often found to be inefficient, it may be meaningful to design solutions where multiple operators join their efforts, so that wireless access of their terminals takes place on shared, rather than proprietary to a single operator, frequency bands. In spite of the conceptual simplicity of this idea, the resulting mathematical analysis may be very complex, since it involves analytical representation of multiple wireless channels. Simulation studies may be extremely useful to obtain a correct performance characterization of wireless networks with shared resources. In this spirit, the present paper introduces and evaluates an original extension of the well known ns-3 network simulator, which focuses on multiple operators of the most up-to-date cellular scenarios, i.e., the Long Term Evolution of UMTS employing OFDMA multiplexing. Spectrum sharing is represented through a proper software architecture, where several sharing policies can be framed. A detailed simulation campaign is run to assess the computational performance of the proposed architecture, and to show its effectiveness in analyzing realistic scenarios.
A Tunable Framework for Performance Evaluation of Spectrum Sharing in LTE Networks
Current spectrum allocation policies, imposing exclusive usage of a licensed operator, may lead to inefficient management and waste of resources. Spectrum sharing, i.e., usage by the same frequency band by multiple operators, can improve the efficiency of the allocation. We analyze a scenario where two mobile operators managing neighboring cells also share a fraction of their available spectrum and quantify the performance gain. To this end, we propose a framework based on the definition of the Interference Suppression Ratio, which models effects such as beamforming or directional antennas. Depending on its value, mutual interference among the operators is reduced and sharing gains can be achieved. We implemented this framework in the well known open-source simulator ns-3 and we ran a parametric analysis of the impacting factors, including noise and cell radius. Simulation results confirm that significant gains can be achieved in terms of network capacity and throughput, provided that the Interference Suppression Ratio is above a given value.
A new queueing model for spectrum renting in mobile cellular networks
Computer Communications, 2012
Spectrum renting is an operation practice that can be applied to relieve the temporary capacity shortages of a specific service area in wireless cellular networks. However, works in the literature do not take into account the specific feature of the present wireless technology. That is, the separate blocks of user channels are defined in each frequency band in the current standards for public mobile cellular networks, and each block should be controlled by a single network operator. This paper is the first attempt to model the spectrum renting policies and the call admission control in a realistic way. The comparison between a queueing model and a simulation model confirms that the proposed queueing model incorporating exponentially distributed call durations can be used to evaluate the performance of mobile cellular networks with call holding times following the lognormal distribution as well. Numerical results show that the variants of the Fractional Guard Channel Policy provide an efficient tool to guarantee the grade of service of handover calls at the expense of increased blocking probability of fresh calls. Furthermore, only spectrum renting can be used to decrease the blocking probability of fresh calls without compromising the grade of service of handover calls.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2018
In modern society wireless communication plays a very important role with huge increase of users, services and standards. Although there are pros of using cognitive radio networks, for example increasing the spectrum utilization of wireless networks, but still there exist some challenges which need to be discussed in detail: First, since cognitive radio networks are planned to operate heterogeneous spectrum environment, which comprises of both licensed and unlicensed spectrum bands, most of the research has been done in only the licensed band of the spectrum and only some research has been carried out in such an environment as merging licensed and unlicensed spectrum bands for transmission increases the spectrum utilization of cognitive radio wireless networks. There is need to develop new spectrum handoff schemes to improve the performance of the secondary users in terms of their handoff delay.
Dynamic Decision-Based Spectrum Sharing Framework for Next-generation (5G) Systems
Looking into the concept of next-generation (5G) cellular systems, it is necessary to do a revision of existing radio spectrum management techniques and come up with more flexible solutions. A new wave of spectrum policy reforms can be envisaged with a direction shift from static to dynamic optimization. According to the peak hours, the number of served users in mobile networks is increasing. Since the radio spectrum is limited, cognitive radio (CR) technology provides an opportunity to recognize under-utilized cellular spectrum (licensed band) resources. To this end, efficient spectrum management techniques based on CR technology should be implemented to share the spectrum between different types of users in order to maximize spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency. In this work, we present dynamic decision-based spectrum sharing model among multiple classes of users in CR network (CRN) in order to increase network utilization and the quality of experience (QoE) by increasing the users' satisfaction. Obtained simulation results from created toolkit in Matlab tool (calibrated by data set from real 3GGP LTE-Advanced system) show the performance of the developed model and appropriate user selection among multiple users' types.
Journal of Signal Processing Systems, 2016
This paper presents the results from a field trial of the Licensed Shared Access (LSA) concept using TD-LTE network in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project spectrum band 40 (2.3-2.4 GHz) in Finland. In the field trial, the LTE network shared the spectrum with a program making and special events Incumbent. New LSA concept elements, LSA Repository for Incumbent protection information and LSA Controller for controlling the mobile broadband network in the same spectrum band were implemented in the trial environment. The trial utilized commercially available network elements like multimode multiband terminals, LTE base stations, core network and network management system. Incumbent spectrum usage data was collected to the LSA repository, which further converts it to spectrum availability information for the LSA controller. The trial goes beyond previous LSA demonstrations by presenting LSA controller power control concept algorithm that formulate the optimization objective as a function of base station cell transmit powers. An advantage of this procedure is that considering aggregated interference from the LTE network to Incumbent and adjusting the transmit power levels do not result in abrupt changes in the received signal quality and results better overall throughput. The developed LSA controller was implemented as self-organizing network solution integrated into network management system. Numerical results are presented to quantify the duration of the LSA procedure flow. The performance results on the LSA system workflow indicated that in the program, making special event use case the LSA band can be managed timely manner and the Incumbents' rights can be protected. Keywords Field trial. Licensed shared access (LSA). LTE. Self organizing network (SON). System performance. 5G This work was supported by Tekes-the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation.
Spectrum Sharing Schemes from 4G to 5G and Beyond: Protocol Flow, Regulation, Ecosystem, Economic
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
As the services and requirements of next-generation wireless networks become increasingly diversified, it is estimated that the current frequency bands of mobile network operators (MNOs) will be unable to cope with the immensity of anticipated demands. Due to spectrum scarcity, there has been a growing trend among stakeholders toward identifying practical solutions to make the most productive use of the exclusively allocated bands on a shared basis through spectrum sharing mechanisms. However, due to the technical complexities of these mechanisms, their design presents challenges, as it requires coordination among multiple entities. To address this challenge, in this paper, we begin with a detailed review of the recent literature on spectrum sharing methods, classifying them on the basis of their operational frequency regime-that is, whether they are implemented to operate in licensed bands (e.g., licensed shared access (LSA), spectrum access system (SAS), and dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS)) or unlicensed bands (e.g., LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U), licensed assisted access (LAA), MulteFire, and new radio-unlicensed (NR-U)). Then, in order to narrow the gap between the standardization and vendor-specific implementations, we provide a detailed review of the potential implementation scenarios and necessary amendments to legacy cellular networks from the perspective of telecommunication vendors and regulatory bodies. Next, we analyze applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques for facilitating spectrum sharing mechanisms and leveraging the full potential of autonomous sharing scenarios. Finally, we conclude the paper by presenting open research challenges, which aim to provide insights into prospective research endeavors.