Elaboration and Characterization of Composite Materials made of Plastic Waste and Sand: Influence of Clay Load (original) (raw)
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Waste reuse is subject to an increasing amount of research aimed at reducing the negative impact of such material on the environment. This study explores the possibility of using plastic waste as reinforcement in composite materials. A family of materials was developed using an unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) organic matrix and various mineral fillers (marble powder, expanded perlite, sand, etc.), potentially allowing their use in wall and floor coverings and as raw materials in the manufacture of traditional ceramic tables. Selected mechanical properties of these materials were verified, including flexural strength, tensile strength, and density. The results demonstrate the role of reinforcement in oriented fibers or matt fabric in improving the mechanical properties of the materials. Flexural strength is improved via reinforcement in the form of random or woven plastic fibers (32.44 MPa). However, the use of expanded perlite as a filler results in a lower mechanical strength (31.16 MPa) than marble powder or sand because of its friability.
Taguchi Analysis on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Waste Plastic-Rubber Composite Materials
American Journal of Materials Science, 2016
In this paper an attempt has been made to optimize the waste plastic-rubber composite materials using the Taguchi's Design of Experiment Methodology. Moreover, an investigation has been carried to find out the effect of various parameters such as waste plastic mix, rubber powder, and filler materials (calcium carbonate and fly ash) on the compressive strength of the material. The main objective was to reutilize the waste plastics into developing plastic-rubber composite materials. In the present research, waste plastics have been blended with rubber powder, calcium carbonate, and fly ash in a plastic extruder. Then the melt was transferred into cube moulds, and rammed to form the specimens. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been utilized to perform the experiment, and to optimize the parameters. The samples have been subjected to compression tests on the Universal Testing Machine. The data obtained has been analyzed using MINITAB statistical software to draw the robust conclusion. SEM micrographs and Particle size analysis have been performed on the fly ash filler material. The results show that fly ash is a mixture of micro and nano sized particles with a wide range of particle sizes. Further, it is evident from the research that all the selected parameters like waste plastic, rubber powder, fly ash and calcium carbonate are having significant effect on the compressive strength of the material under study. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that waste plastic mix is the most influencing parameter for the compressive strength. Experimental results of compressive strength for optimum values of waste plastic-rubber composite material in comparison with clay brick revealed that it is 3 times stronger than the normal clay brick. These results indicate that waste plastic-rubber composite material could be used as low cost construction material and a cheaper substitute to clay bricks and various other building materials.
IJISRT, 2017
The objective of this work is to investigate the Tensile properties of Non recyclable waste plastics particulate reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. Waste plastic particulates of particle sizes 1, 2, 3 mm were embedded into the unsaturated polyester resin to produce a composite. The specimens were made at 20, 30 and 40% weight percentages of the particulate filler in polyester matrix. Tensile tests were conducted on prepared samples of the composite material as per ASTM standards. Hand layup process was used for composite making. In this work the process parameters such as percentage composition of filler, percentage of catalyst addition (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and particulate size were defined by Taguchi method. The influence of the process parameters on tensile properties of the composite was optimized and regression equation was also formed using ANOVA. For the optimization process, MINITAB 17 software is utilized. The results showed that the tensile strength of the composite with 30% waste plastic reinforcement, 1.2% catalyst addition and 1mm particulate size was maximum. The composite could be considered for applications in areas were a better tensile and light weight material is required. Also this can be a good solution for converting waste plastics into useful products without any toxic emissions which are the main sources of air pollution [1] [6].
Use of Waste Plastics in Cement-Based Composite for Lightweight Concrete Production
Use of Waste Plastics in Cement-Based Composite for Lightweight Concrete Production, 2017
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. These materials are often used in residential driveways, paving and curb, walls, house foundations and gutter applications. Sustainable concrete structures are beneficial as it consumed less energy, release less greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and cost less to build and to maintain over the given period of time. Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns in the country today. This paper investigates the utilization of waste plastics as replacement for fine aggregates in concrete for the production of lightweight concrete. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of addition of granulated waste plastics on the compressive strength and density of concrete. Portland cement was mixed with the aggregates to produce the concrete composites. Grade 20 concrete design strength of mix ratio 1: 2.3: 3.5 and 0.65 w/c ratio was used for the experiment. Five weight fractions 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% of granular plastic waste were used to replace the fine aggregate in the batching. The concrete mixture was tested for slump; cast into moulds of 150 mm by 150 mm by 150 mm sizes; cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days respectively. The compressive strength and density of the concrete specimens were determined. The results revealed slump and compressive strength of concrete decreased with increase in the percentage replacement of plastic. The findings also revealed decrease in the unit weight (density) of concrete with increase in the percentage replacement of plastic waste. It can be deduce from this research that, waste plastics are not good materials that can be used to improve compressive strength development in concrete matrix but they can be used in the production of lightweight concrete in construction. Keywords__ Waste plastic, Portland cement, Compressive strength, Lightweight concrete
Mechanical Properties of Plastic Sand Brick Containing Plastic Waste
Advances in Civil Engineering, 2022
The use of plastic has grown extensively in recent years all over the world. It is inexpensive and easily available and can be moulded into any shape. However, plastic is nonbiodegradable; it causes pollution and create difficulties in managing even for a wealthy nation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environment-friendly potential use of plastic and demonstrate usefulness of plastic sand bricks as alternative structural elements, replacing standard clay brick. The physical and mechanical properties of plastic sand bricks were studied in different plastic sand ratios of 1 : 3, 1 : 4, and 1 : 5 by their weight, using plastic as a binder. Moreover, the thermal resistance test, split tensile strength test, penetration test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. The study concluded that the strength of plastic sand brick depends upon the uniformity of the mixture and increases when the ratio of sand and plastic in the mixture is increased to 1 : 4...
Reuse of Waste Plastics in Developing Countries: Properties of Waste Plastic-Sand Composites
Waste and Biomass Valorization
Waste plastics are a major problem in developing countries, where efficient collection and recycling systems often do not exist. Plastic bonded sand composites provide a low-cost recycling alternative for selected waste plastics. This research has investigated the production and properties of plastic bonded sand manufactured using low-density and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE). Plastic bonded sand production in The Gambia was used as a case study to identify potential barriers to the technology. Processing was done by oven moulding, or a heat-mixing technique, and the properties of the LDPE and HDPE bonded sand samples formed have been determined. Processing at temperatures between 250 °C and 325 °C produced optimum compressive and flexural strengths. Higher processing temperatures reduced strength and lower temperatures produced inhomogeneous samples. Thermal plastic degradation occurs at 400 °C in N2 and 250 °C in air. Processing at temperatures below 250 °C in anoxic c...
Heliyon
Ways of mitigating the menace caused by the abundance of waste plastic generated have been a global concern. Efforts are geared towards intensification of the recycling culture for circular economy. Recent studies combined waste plastic and sand to make Waste Plastic Binder (WPB) composite materials. However, sand mining operation has been associated with environmental and ecological issues. This study explores the engineering properties of waste plastic and quarry dust composite for sustainable infrastructural development. The polyethylene terephthalate type of plastic (PET) was employed, and which was melted and mixed with QD at different compositions of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 respectively. The influence of the varying compositions on the morphological and engineering properties of resulting WPB composite was investigated. The scanning electron microscopy image showed that WPB composite with higher percentage of QD possess lesser pore space, and which influenced the high strength values. The findings showed P&QD 1:3 have highest compressive strength value of 20.1MPa, and which meets up with the American Concrete Institute and South African standard minimum requirement of 17MPa for structural lightweight concrete applicable for walkways, walling and water retaining structures constructions.
Faced with the growing need for construction material resources as well as the concern maintaining a safe environment for durable development, it is necessary to study the re-use and valorization of waste in general and industrial by products in particular in the field of civil engineering. Recently there has been growing interest in plastic waste for using concrete, paving stones and tiles. To study the influence of the content of plastic on the physical parameters, seven classes were selected in the interval 20% to 50% (in weight) in step of 5 for the manufacture of materials and three sand granulometries 1.2, and 3.15mm.The determination of the density and porosity is made according to the NF ISO 5017 standard.The results obtained show that, the materials obtained have a maximum density of 1900 kg/m 3 lower than that of cementing materials (2000-2400 kg/m 3), this density varies according to the mass proportion of plastic. Thepermeability and porosity are at the same time functions of granulometry and of the mass of the plastic, the materials obtained between 40% and plastic 50% have a permeability and almost null porosity. The results of porosity obtained are lower than 5%, and vary between (3.8% and 0.05%) compared to the Portland cement material which have a porosity higher than 10%.The analysis of the influence of porosity on the density shows that, the density is proportional to porosity.In the same way the color of these materials varies proportionally with respect to the proportions of plastic and this color is strongly influenced by the parameter L which is brightness. For texture, it arises that the materials are rough when contrast and entropy are raised and when these parameters drop they become smooth.
Engineering behavior of a sand reinforced with plastic waste
Journal of geotechnical …, 2002
Unconfined compression tests, splitting tensile tests, and saturated drained triaxial compression tests with local strain measurement were carried out to evaluate the benefit of utilizing randomly distributed polyethylene terephthalate fiber, obtained from recycling waste plastic bottles, alone or combined with rapid hardening Portland cement to improve the engineering behavior of a uniform fine sand. The separate and the joint effects of fiber content ͑up to 0.9 wt %͒, fiber length ͑up to 36 mm͒, cement content ͑from 0 to 7 wt %͒, and initial mean effective stress ͑20, 60, and 100 kN/m 2 ͒ on the deformation and strength characteristics of the soil were investigated using design of experiments and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the polyethylene terephthalate fiber reinforcement improved the peak and ultimate strength of both cemented and uncemented soil and somewhat reduced the brittleness of the cemented sand. In addition, the initial stiffness was not significantly changed by the inclusion of fibers.
The Efforts to Improve Shear Strength of Clay Soil Using Plastic Waste
Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology and Vocational Teachers (ICTVT 2017), 2017
Plastic wastes could threaten the ecosystem of the environment because it is non-biodegradable material. The efforts to reduce the plastic trash are taken by 3R-way (Reuse, Reduce, Recycles). How to recycle for example by the use of plastic trash: to make oils, as a composites for construction, for example: as the fiber in the concrete, and as a fiber for soil reinforcement. We will try to reinforcement of clay by using plastic trash to increase of the shear strength of clay. Plastic trash is cut into small pieces with 1x1 (cm) and 1x0,5 (cm) size mixed with clay, compacted, and then tested in the laboratory by Unconfined Compressive Test. Plastic trash using of the former mineral water containers (PET plastic types). The results of this research showed that the addition of small pieces of the plastic trash in clay: (1) will increase the value of qu (unconfined compressive strength) of soil at the rate of 3% of plastic on Kasongan clay, and only if the plastic is large cutting (1x1) cm on Wates clay. (2) will increase the internal friction-angle φ if the plastic content of 3% (Kasongan clay) and Wates clay but only if the plastic is large cutting (1x1) cm. (c) will increase of the soil friction if at the rate of 2% of plastic (Kasongan clay), will increase of the soil friction if the small size (0,5 x 1) cm of plastic pieces (Wates clay).