How 'Pressure Groups' may contribute to the 'Democratic Process' (original) (raw)
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MODULE -3 Political Parties and Pressure Groups Democracy at Work
You might have already read that democracy is a government of the people, for the people and by the people. A democratic government is considered a people's government run by the people themselves. In practice in most of the countries the democratic governments are run by the representatives elected by the people. You might be thinking how the people get themselves represented in the government. People elect their representatives through the process of elections. In elections candidates generally are nominated by organizations known as political parties. Yes some of the candidates contest elections as independents also. However, participation of the people does not begin and end with elections only. People also participate in the process of governance through groups known as pressure groups or interest groups. In this lesson, we shall discuss political parties and pressure groups, especially in the context of our country. You will like to know more about political parties and pressure groups.
Towards a Theoretical Analysis of Pressure Politics
Polit Stud London, 2006
THE essential point about research in the field of group behaviour in Politics is that almost all contemporary study has a very restricted range. To a very great degree the study has been an Anglo-American one, and this very fact tends to restrict the theoretical orientation of the observer. We may begin by noting an important distinction in the world of pressure groups, that between 'interest' and 'attitude' groups. The fomwr may be describtd as being 'semi-permanent groups set up to protect certain sectional interests' (e.g. the British Medical Association. the Automobile Association or various trade union organizations). The 'attitude' group is a temporary association which desires to achieve some specifically delimited objective. (e.g. The Campaign for Nuckar Disannamcnt or the temperance organizations of the early part of this antury). What we must emphasize here is that the contemporary study has been almost exclusively on 'interest' groups, though as we shall explain later there are good reasons for this inherent in the politicalstructunofAn%o-Americansocitty.S.E. Finer's book AnonymousEmpire isanenample of an emphasis on 'interest' groups to the exclusion of other considerations. In it he catalogues the main components of the British 'group universe' as follows: the business lobby; the labour lobby; the co-opcrative movement; the professions; civic qroups; churches and educational organizations. Those bodits which might be dcscribed as 'attitude' groups are included under 'civic groups', a term singularly inappropriate to the description of the more militant wing of the C.N.D. What information we have on 'attitude' groups is largely the result of books appearing on the more controversial groups, e.g. Christopher Driver's, The Disarmers and Tom Driberg's work on Moral Rearmament. Such works are in general of an historical and descriptive nature and not intended to give any more than a generalized insight into the workings of similar groups . . . in a word, they are untheoretical.
2011
We, the people leaving in democratic societies, have come across information about pressure groups or interest groups and political interests coming together under the usually harmless terms of "in the help of every single citizen", but very often actually working in a manner more then detrimental to him. Interests are given birth daily and in the name of public welfare we were (and still are) convinced that in the name of the society's interest, the action of groups may lead to a better life standard. Unfortunately this is not always the case. And this topic and its reality inspired me in coming up with this paper. The motto states perfectly what a democracy stands for "In a democracy people do not obtain what they do not ask for". Along my essay I will try to prove it. My paper is meant to discuss freely and openly about the cohesion existing at the level of any society, generally speaking between policy takers and policy makers. It is up to each and every one of us to reach the conclusion on whether who is who between the two categories. The paper is organized starting from the general context in which groups work) and then continuing with its products and services (with the effects they obtain on behalf of their actions). After that it analyzes the market itself-the space where pressure groups' action take its course-as an universe becoming bigger by the second according to national legislations worldwide. It is commonly understood that societies are working together for a purpose, mainly through politicians and interest groups representing them. The paper intents on making an objective analysis of these societies based on their level of development. After catching a glimpse on how these groups are formed or how they work the paper explained the economic of the "business" by entailing the marketing plans groups use in their projects. A separate section was dedicated to the Romanian context with a special emphasis on the non-regulatory status with regards to pressure and interest groups, and generally speaking, to the lobby phenomena.
This paper attempts to trace the formation of pro-Shari'ah pressure groups in the wave of agitations for Shari'ah Implementation. Their backgrounds, composition of membership, methodologies and patterns of activities have been analyzed in a general manner. The paper has identified the contributions of these groups in mobilizing the Muslim public in support of Shari'ah Implementation and in pressurizing the governors in Muslim majority states to adopt the implementation of Shari'ah.
POLITICAL PARTIES AND PRESSURE GROUPS
Political parties-features, function, structures of political parties, meaning of pressure groups and their relationship with political parties, types of pressure groups and their role.
According to (Fisichella, 1997) Democracy operates within given conditions that because of innovations in technology, it has completely changed the world public scene: another power beyond the control of institutions and rules- not immediately visible- is emerging. These new economic and financial aggregations, new oligarchies, interest and pressure groups, may condition and manipulate the power of governments and of Democracy. I shall try to analyse how this rise of parallel powers can influence modern democracies. The concept of power is basic for understanding the drive that has evolved throughout history leading us to modern times. The outcome of interest groups in Society and its effects on the political scene have been researched and discussed.
Pressure groups and policy process in Nigeria: a case of fourth republic
2014
The policy process is a large process with so many actors participating in it and contributing to as well as influencing its outcome. Pressure groups have existed in Nigeria even before independence. The height of their activities was during the military rule when the political environment was too restrictive on their activities leading to the banning of some of the pressure groups. However, the fourth republic in Nigeria has also witnessed rise in their activities. Based on the enormous work which pressure groups do in every political system in especially in the policy process and the ensuing argument over their usefulness, this work has studies pressure groups in Nigeria in the fourth republic to ascertain the role they have played in the policy process in the fourth republic. This work is located in the Group Theory of policy making and analysis. In the methodology, the work was carried out using qualitative research method. Data was collected from already existing literature whi...