Determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications (original) (raw)

Optimization Of Tilt Angle For Solar Collectors: A Case Study For Bursa, Turkey

2016

This paper deals with the optimum tilt angle for the solar collector in order to collect the maximum solar radiation. The optimum angle for tilted surfaces varying from 0<sup>◦</sup> to 90<sup>◦</sup> in steps of 1<sup>◦ </sup>was computed. In present study, a theoretical model is used to predict the global solar radiation on a tilted surface and to obtain the optimum tilt angle for a solar collector in Bursa, Turkey. Global solar energy radiation on the solar collector surface with an optimum tilt angle is calculated for specific periods. It is determined that the optimum slope angle varies between 0<sup>◦</sup> (June) and 59<sup>◦</sup> (December) throughout the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 55<sup>◦</sup>, in spring (March, April, and May) 19.6<sup>◦</sup>, in summer (June, July, and August) 5.6<sup>◦</sup>, and in autumn (September, October, and ...

A LINEAR MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL TILT ANGLE OF SOLAR COLLECTORS

2022

Solar energy is transformed into electricity and thermal energy mainly by photovoltaic modules, and thermal collectors. To get the maximum energy throughout the year by these solar collectors, it is important to install the collectors in the correct (optimal) tilt angle from horizontal. There are different models for the determination of the optimal tilt angle of solar collectors. In this study, for practical use, the simple linear model for determining the annually averaged optimal tilt angles of solar collectors for any country in the world (for Northern and Southern hemispheres) are derived. In the proposed model, both the direct and diffused components of solar radiation are considered. The simple linear formula for the determination of year-round optimal tilt angles in Armenia or in any country with latitudes from 38 to 42 degrees of Northern hemisphere is also proposed. With the use of the proposed simple linear model the annually optimal tilt angles of solar collectors for the main cities of Armenia are determined. The obtained data are in excellent correlation with the results obtained by other accurate models. The proposed simple linear formulas can be successfully used to determine the optimal tilt angles of solar collectors.

Estimation of Optimum Tilt Angles for Solar Collector and Gained Energy at Cairo, Egypt

2019

The solar energy incident on any fixed solar collector, for thermal or electrical purposes, is highly affected by the tilt angle of the collector over the horizontal surface. The tilt angle of any solar system is a function of the site parameters and the time through the year due to the continuous daily and seasonally movements of the earth with respect to the sun. This paper presents a theoretical study for detecting the effect of tilt angle on the incident solar energy on a solar collector and consequently determines the optimum tilt angles for each month, season and through the year. The mathematical model is based on the monthly average hourly measured values for diffuse and global solar radiation on horizontal surface in the test field of Solar Energy Department, NRC, Cairo, Egypt. The calculations also use the beam radiation on the horizontal as the difference between the measured global and diffuse values. The results showed that optimum fixed tilt angle through the year rang...

New Correlations for Determination of Optimum Slope Angle of Solar Collectors

Energy Engineering

The energy coming from solar radiation could be harvested and transformed into electricity through the use of solar-thermal power generation and photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Placement of solar collectors (thermal and photovoltaic) affects the amount of incoming radiation and the absorption rate. In this research, new correlations for finding the monthly optimum slope angle (OSA) on flat-plate collectors are proposed. Twelve equations are developed to calculate the monthly OSA by the linear regression model, for the northern and the southern hemisphere stations from 15°to 55°and-20°to-45°, respectively. Also, a new equation for calculating the yearly tilt angle is developed and compared with several other calculation methods from the literature. Results confirm a 20% increase in solar energy absorption by adjusting the collectors' tilt angle in monthly time periods. This is while the adjusted collectors with the yearly optimum slope angle receive approximately 7% higher solar radiation compared to the horizontal collectors. Furthermore, the proposed equations outperformed the other calculation methods in the literature.

Optimal tilt-angles for solar collectors used in China

Applied Energy, 2004

A reasonable estimation of the optimal tilt angle of a fixed collector for maximizing its energy collection must be done based on the monthly global and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface. However, the monthly diffuse radiation is not always available in many places. In this paper, a simple mathematical procedure for the estimation of the optimal tilt angle of a collector is presented based on the monthly horizontal radiation. A comparison of the optimal tilt angles of collectors obtained from expected monthly diffuse radiation and that from the actual monthly diffuse radiation showed that this method gives a good estimation of the optimal tilt angle, except for places with a considerably lower clearness index. A contour map of the optimal tilt angle of the south-facing collectors used for the entire year in China is also outlined, based on monthly horizontal radiation of 152 places around the country, combing the optimal tilt angle of another 30 cities based on the actual monthly diffuse radiation.

Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia

This article analyzes the optimal choice of the tilt angle for the solar panel in order to collect the maximum solar irradiation. In this paper, the collector surface is assumed to be facing toward equator. The study is based upon the measured values of daily global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface. It is shown that the optimal angle of tilt (b opt ) for each month, allows us to collected the maximum solar energy for Madinah site. Annual optimum tilt angle is found to be approximately equal to latitude of the location. It is found that the loss in the amount of collected energy when using the yearly average fixed angle is around 8% compared with the monthly optimum tilt b opt .

The optimum tilt angle for flat-plate solar collectors in Iran

Journal of Renewable and …, 2012

This paper aims at determining the optimum tilt angle for south facing flat-plate solar collectors in Iran. Solar radiation on a horizontal surface was estimated by applying an empirical method and employing meteorological data from 80 selected cities. A mathematical model was used for estimating the solar radiation at different tilt angles. Daily, monthly, seasonally, bi-annually, and yearly optimum tilt angles and solar radiations were determined for 80 selected cities. Recommendations were made on the optimum tilt angle adjustment for different places in the country in order to benefit the best solar radiation available. The averaged benefits of annual solar radiation for 80 cities were 21.3% for daily, 21% for monthly, 19.6% for seasonal, 19.3% for bi-annual, and 13.3% for yearly adjustments compared with the radiation on the horizontal collector. Based on these results, adjusting tilt angles, at least twice a year, is recommended. Optimum tilt angles for cloudy sky cities with a low clearness index are lower than those for cities at the same latitude angle having a higher clearness index. In addition to latitude angle, the climate conditions are also important for determining the optimum tilt angle.

Evaluation of Flat Plate Solar Collector to Optimizing the Tilt Angle, Case Study: Tabriz, Iran

It is a well-known fact that solar resource or solar radiation varies spatially as well as temporally across the face of the earth. Hence, resource assessment is a preliminary step for all solar applications. In this study, a flat plate surface solar collector of dimension 2 m 2 , hinged on a horizontal support for quick adjustment of inclination from 0 o to 80 o was fabricated and marked out at 0.5 o intervals on a telescopic leg graduated in degrees. Measurement of the solar radiation, varying degrees of inclination were taken between 11:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. for 7 days of each month at clear sky hours. The measurements were made for five months of the year in Tabriz, East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran. These months selected because they have maximum average solar radiation energy in Iran. At each 0.5 degree of inclination, the solar radiation intensity was replicated three times at each hour and the average value was taken. The flat plate was set truly facing south with an engineering prismatic compass. The result showed that the optimum tilt angle of a flat plate for maximum collection of solar radiation intensities in each month. This work also revealed that the average angle of inclination at which a flat plate surface solar collector will be mounted at fixed position in Tabriz is 31 o approximately in studied months. The analysis indicated that when a flat surface was located at the forecasted optimum tilt angle for each of five months, solar radiation intensity was increased, when compared with solar radiation intensity harnessed by the same flat plate collector on other angles and under the same condition. Moreover this improvement impose no extra-cost. Comparison of the measured and calculated optimum values of tilt angle of a flat plate surface for trapping maximum solar radiation intensity for each of five months indicated a high correlation with R 2 of 0.98 approximately.

Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collectors in Syria

Energy Conversion and Management, 2009

One of the important parameters that affect the performance of a solar collector is its tilt angle with the horizon. This is because of the variation of tilt angle changes the amount of solar radiation reaching the collector surface. A mathematical model was used for estimating the solar radiation on a tilted surface, and to determine the optimum tilt angle and orientation (surface azimuth angle) for the solar collector in the main Syrian zones, on a daily basis, as well as for a specific period. The optimum angle was computed by searching for the values for which the radiation on the collector surface is a maximum for a particular day or a specific period. The results reveal that changing the tilt angle 12 times in a year (i.e. using the monthly optimum tilt angle) maintains approximately the total amount of solar radiation near the maximum value that is found by changing the tilt angle daily to its optimum value. This achieves a yearly gain in solar radiation of approximately 30% more than the case of a solar collector fixed on a horizontal surface.