Relativity Theory Refounded (original) (raw)
Related papers
SPACE AND TIME, DO WE DESCRIBE THEM CORRECTLY? ON THE 4-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
Pier Sandro Scano, 2024
The topic is whether the 4-dimensional structure constitutes a proven theory and whether it completely and effectively describes space-time phenomena. Spacetime is almost universally assumed as the basic structure for physical and cosmological thinking. Its meaning lies in the fusion of time and space into a unified entity. In the article, the theoretical foundation and mathematical formalism are analysed. The theory is confirmed by an incontrovertible quantity of experimental verifications. However reasons for reflection emerge, starting from the one-way character of time. The conclusion is that on space and time we know little, in the state, to be able to affirm a definitive and testable theory. Further research is necessary on what is assumed to be indisputable. Finally, it doesn't seem sustainable that Special Relativity, supplemented by General Relativity, constitutes a complete theory of spatiotemporal relations.
A Theory of Space, Time and Matter
International Journal of Modern Physics A, 1996
We unify the gravitational field with its source by considering a new type of 5D manifold in which space and time are augmented by an extra dimension which induces 4D matter. The classical tests of relativity are satisfied, and for solitons we obtain new effects which can be tested astrophysically. The canonical cosmological models are in agreement with observations, and we gain new insight into the nature of the big bang. Our inference is that the world may be pure geometry in 5D.
Relativity and three Four-dimensionalisms
Relativity theory is often said to support something called 'the four-dimensional view of reality'. But there are at least three different views that sometimes go by this name. One is the B-theory of time, according to which the past, present, and future are all equally real and there is nothing metaphysically special about the present. A second is 'spacetime unitism' (as we call it), according to which there is a spacetime manifold, and if there are such things points of space or instants of time, these are just spacetime regions of different sorts: thus space and time are not separate manifolds. A third is perdurantism, according to which persisting material objects (rocks, trees, human beings) are made up of different temporal parts located at different times. We sketch routes from relativity to the B-theory and to unitism. We then discuss some routes to perdurantism, via the B-theory and via unitism.
Spacetime and Reality: Facing the Ultimate Judge
The Frontiers Collection, 2016
Over a hundred years ago in his paper Space and Time Hermann Minkowski demonstrated the profound meaning of the relativity postulate-the experimental fact that physical phenomena are the same in all inertial reference frames implies that the Universe is an absolute four-dimensional world in which all moments of time have equal existence due to their belonging to the fourth (time) dimension. Since then there has been no consensus on the reality of this absolute world, which we now call Minkowski spacetime or simply spacetime. I will argue that facing the ultimate judge-the experimental evidence-allows us to settle this issue once and for all.
Journal of Advances in Physics, 2020
This paper represents the latest revision of a portion of the research work, still in progress, carried out by the author during the last four years. The overall aim of the study fundamentally consists in showing how, while postulating the absoluteness of time, the validity of the relativistic equations may be formally preserved. Starting from the writing of the first Friedmann-Lemaître Equation (and therefore from General Relativity), a Simple-Harmonically Oscillating Universe (flat, upper-bounded, conventionally singular at = 0) is obtained. Subsequently, the existence of a further spatial dimension is postulated. The Universe is identified with a 4-Ball involved in an (apparent) cyclic evolution and the concept of (material) point is replaced by the one of (material) segment. This scenario, combined with the absoluteness of time, allows an alternative derivation of the equations that characterize Special Relativity (including Lorentz Transformations), although with a different connotation. Amongst the significant consequences that arise from our approach, the possibility of (apparently) moving faster than light stands out.
A New Theory for the Spacetime
2021
In this paper, we investigate the ontological hypothesis, which implies that the spacetime is not the ultimate structure in our universe, and its existence emerges from a deeper physical entity. By using a very simple approach based on a classical problem, regarding the propagation of electromagnetic waves in empty vacuum. We were able to deduce that this deeper entity is just an omnipresent multi-rest states physical structure; aether. After that, we try to see how this ether fits in the universe that we exist in. The outcome is that its existence causes the emergence of some basic phenomena that our universe is built on. At the microscopic scale it turned out to be a source of the essential quantum phenomenon, which is currently known as the waveparticle duality. On the other hand, at the macroscopic scale it causes the emergence of spacetime curvature, around huge, massive objects like Earth. Finally, we consider a simple experiment that enables us to detect this ether, which is based on the concept of the conservation of linear momentum in nature, and the ontology of the inertial mass for the elementary particles.
A discussion of the concepts of 'space' and 'time' as a dual requisite feature of creation has been provided, herein. It is further emphasized that neither space nor time can exist independently, necessitating the definition of an integral concept dubbed as the 'space-time.' Furthermore, it is elaborated that space and time both represent a same phenomenon related to creation and light mechanics, in which 'time' epitomizes the 'free-flowing' nature of the process of creation, and 'space' represents its 'congealment.' Thus, the two concepts of space and time are competing in nature, representing the inverse of one another, with the propensity to one diminishing the other. It is explicated that at the center of cosmos, the notion of time is overwhelmingly pre-dominated, with everything strongly gravitating and free-flowing towards the SOURCE. And, the concept of space becomes more evident as one expands away from the SOURCE, in which the free-flowing time gives way to its congealment. In particular, the outermost portions of the cosmos are associated with the realm of physicality in which the notion of space becomes predominant, providing a favorable medium for experimentation in space-time, and accordingly, achieving consciousness expansion. And, the notion of fully predominant space becomes apparent in the first harmonic universe ), with time becoming more elusive or intangible, giving the illusion of infinitesimally linear, with the impression of past-present-future. However, time is clearly a circular phenomenon, having its origin with the concept of gravitation or rotational motion about the SOURCE. Through the process of discretization of the time vector it is possible to define a series of 356 discrete 'main' space-time layers or 'dimensions,' with the lowest numbers referring to the lowest degree of free-flowing of time (or highest extent of congealment of space), in which the extent of gravitational attraction towards the SOURCE is comparatively less, giving rise to a slow rate of rotation (frequency) about the SOURCE. This is consistent with the observation that in the lower dimensions, the extent of light of consciousness intensity (light quotient) as well as proximity to the SOURCE (propinquity) is less, necessitating the need for consciousness expansion. A distinction has been elucidated to the concept of directionality of time, one corresponding to rotating clockwise about the SOURCE, giving rise to an 'inner' aspect of a given dimension being contracted towards the SOURCE (the so-called 'ethereal'), and another, corresponding to rotating counter-clockwise about the SOURCE, giving rise to an 'outer' aspect of a dimension being expanded away from the SOURCE (the so-called 'physical'). This gives rise to the advent of two contrasting worlds that occupy the same space, yet run in opposite times with an oscillatory motion for a point of consciousness occupying a particular dimension that is referred to as 'vibration.' One sense of rotational motion about the SOURCE defines the world of 'matter,' and the other, the world of 'antimatter.' And, the fabrics of space-time, matter and antimatter, are stealth to one another and can never physically or chemically interact with one another. The phenomenon of 'primary time' governs the formation of the main discrete 356 dimensions, all revolving at different speeds about the SOURCE. Similarly, a 'secondary' aspect of time may be considered analogous to the primary time indicated earlier. Here, one can discretize time 'locally' into infinite segments, with each defining a different 'facet' of the local space-time spheroidal surface layers that are rotationally located at different 'phase angles' with respect to the SOURCE. Alternatively, one may consider that each distinct facet of the local space-time layer defining local 'parallel' sub-dimensions are rotating at different speeds about a local 'source' that is our soul or HIGHERSELF. The rate of change of such a 'phase angle' with respect to local time may be defined as the 'local frequency,' which is analogous to the 'non-local frequency' defined with respect to the SOURCE. This way, we have essentially fragmented our soul into different 'soul aspects,' all rotating at the same non-local rotational frequency, each occupying a different parallel dimension running with a different phase angle. When the analogy of different facets of a given space-time layer is considered, a phase angle, in turn, represents the rotational position of the gate of entry of a particular parallel dimension with respect to the SOURCE. In particular, within the 3 rd dimension, the parallel sub-dimensional layers are defined through definition of the 'local' or 'secondary' time that appears to progress in an infinitesimally linear fashion, yet again, time is always circular and has no beginning or end. Thus, the linear perception of time arising from the anticipation of the next ("future") increment or perception of the "past" is delusional. In reality, it all happens simultaneously in the 'NOW moment.' In essence, it all depends on the 'attention span' as to what is transpiring! In the context of local NOW, it is the totality of the soul (the HIGHERSELF) that is privy to see what is transpiring at once. In the case of 'absolute' NOW, it is only the Prime Creator who can have a presence everywhere and at all time, with the attentional span that is capable to see ALL that transpires, synchronously, and instantaneously.
An overall account of the phenomenon of time has been presented from a seat of higher dimensional understanding. It has been explicated that the fundamental blunder of the classical theories of mechanics-physics in adequately describing the behavior of cosmos at large lies in the nature of its inadequate comprehension of the phenomenon of time. In this respect, time is considered as representing a 'dimension' (the 4 th dimension to be exact). While, analogous to space being defined by a vector consisting of three independent measures, time portrays a measure and not a 'dimension.' Furthermore, time is construed as being a scalar, which in essence, depicts a rotational vector, being intimately associated with the concept of rotation or spinning (about the SOURCE). Moreover, the progression of time has been considered as being infinitesimally linear, while in reality, time is of a curvilinear (circular) nature, and is highly non-linear, whose non-linear effect is transparent in the higher dimensions than the 3 rd. Furthermore, space and time describe different aspect of the same thing (light physics) with time epitomizing its free-flowing nature while space should be regarded as congealed time whose fabric facilitates the containment of ALL THINGS. In this regarded, time and space may be considered as competing with one another, with one representing the inverse of the other, signifying
A Potential Foundation for Emergent Space-Time
Journal of Mathematical Physics, 2014
We present a novel derivation of both the Minkowski metric and Lorentz transformations from the consistent quantification of a causally-ordered set of events with respect to an embedded observer. Unlike past derivations, which have relied on assumptions such as the existence of a 4-dimensional manifold, symmetries of space-time, or the constant speed of light, we demonstrate that these now familiar mathematics can be derived as the unique means to consistently quantify a network of events. This suggests that space-time need not be physical, but instead the mathematics of space and time emerges as the unique way in which an observer can consistently quantify events and their relationships to one another. The result is a potential foundation for emergent space-time.