A highly efficient single chambered up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell for treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater (original) (raw)
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Comprehensive Review and Compilation of Treatment for Azo Dyes Using Microbial Fuel Cells
Water Environment Research, 2013
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent an emerging technology that focuses on power generation and effluent treatment. This review compiles articles related to MFCs using azo dye as the substrate. The significance of the general components in MFCs and systems of MFCs treating azo dye is depicted in this review. In addition, degradation of azo dyes such as Congo red, methyl orange, active brilliant red X-3B, amaranth, reactive blue 221, and acid orange 7 in MFCs are summarized. Further exploration and operational modification are suggested to address the challenges of complete removal of azo dye with maximum power generation in an MFC. In addition, a sequential treatment system with MFCs is suggested for complete mineralization of azo dye. Water Environ. Res., 85, 270 (2013).
Dye wastewater causes a major problem while discharging into the environment due to the presence of various toxic content. In this study, dye wastewater is treated using dual chamber MFC with the generation of electricity. The power generation and pollutant removal efficiency in the dye wastewater treatment using dual chamber MFC was examined at different HRT, which varied from 35-7 days. The maximum TCOD and SCOD removal of 66.10% and 57.94 % respectively were attained at the HRT of 35 days. In 20 days HRT, the maximum power density of 96.85mWm-2 and coulombic efficiency of 60.54% was procured.
Frontiers in Energy Research
More than 80% of wastewater from industries is discharged into receiving water bodies without any pollution control. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity production. With regard to azo-dye containing wastewater (e.g., from textile manufacturing), the dye may be fed via the anode chamber containing electrochemically active bacteria or via the cathode chamber containing laccase enzyme as catalyst for oxygen reduction. This study investigated which of the two approaches is the best with regard to rate of decolourization of the dye (Acid orange 7), COD reduction and electricity production. The power density was higher for the MFC Dye Cathode (50 ± 4 mW m −2 , COD reduction 80.4 ± 1.2%) compared with 42.5 ± 2.6 mW m −2 (COD reduction 69 ± 2%) for MFC Dye Anode. The time required for decolourization was longer in the MFC Dye Anode (Shewanella oneidensis) where only 20% decolourization was obtained after 24 h compared to 80% for the MFC Dye Cathode. The anodic dye degradation products were unstable when exposed to air resulting in regaining of color. In case of degradation by laccase in the cathode chamber, the decolourization products were stable and simpler in chemical structure as determined by GC-MS. This work suggests that feeding azo dyes in cathode chambers of MFCs containing laccase is a better way of treating the dyes compared to the commonly used approach of feeding the dye in the anode chamber provided enzyme activity can be sustained.
Treatment of azo dyes in industrial wastewater using microbial fuel cells
2014
Due to the extensive use of xenobiotic azo dyes in the colour industry and their proven mutagenic and cytotoxic nature, their treatment prior to discharge is essential and is legally enforced. However, currently used wastewater treatment technologies such as activated sludge systems, anaerobic digestion, electrochemical destruction, adsorption and membrane filtration are ineffective in removing azo dyes due to reasons such as inefficient dye degradation, slow degradation kinetics, toxic metabolite formation, inhibitory costs and generation of secondary waste streams. Therefore, in this study, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were studied as possible systems that could effectively degrade azo dyes with an additional benefit of concomitant biogenic electricity generation. The co-metabolic degradation of the model azo dye Acid Orange-7 (AO-7) using Shewanella oneidensis and mixed anaerobic cultures in MFC was carried out with particular emphasis on AO-7 degradation kinetics in the initial study. The effect of using various carbon sources including cheaper complex ones such as molasses and corn steep liquor as electron donors for azo dye degradation in MFCs was also investigated. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that fast AO-7 reductive degradation kinetics using cheap, sustainable co-substrate types can be achieved with concomitant bioelectricity generation in two-chamber MFCs. Power densities up-to 37 mWm-2 were observed in the two-chamber MFC system during AO-7 decolourisation. Co-metabolic reductive degradation of azo dye mixtures using dye acclimated mixed microbial populations under industrially relevant conditions (high temperatures and salinities) and changes in microbial community structure in the MFCs in presence of complex azo dye mixtures in two-chamber MFCs was investigated. The outcomes of this work demonstrated that efficient colour and organic content removal can be achieved under high temperatures and moderate salinities using azo dye adapted mixed microbial populations in two-chamber MFCs. Microbial community analysis of the original anaerobic consortium and the azo dye adapted microbial culture following MFC operation indicated that both cultures were dominated by bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. However, bacteria belonging to phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes also became selected following MFC operation. Peak power densities up-to 27 mWm-2 were observed in this study during decolourisation of complex azo dye mixtures.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are gaining tremendous interests for achieving simultaneous power production and recalcitrant wastewaters treatment. In this study, simultaneous electricity generation and tetra-azo dye (Direct Red 80) decolorization was examined in a dual chamber MFC. In addition, glucose and various volatile fatty acids were separately examined as co-substrates for anaerobic dye degradation and bioelectricity generation. Maximum power of 477.8 and 455.7 mW/m 2 were attained with glucose (1,000 mg/L) as a sole carbon source and glucose (1,000 mg/L) coupled with dye (200 mg/L), respectively. At this glucose and dye initial concentration, 85.8% color and 74.9% COD removal were resulted in 48 h batch studies. Color removal without any co-substrate's addition was 23%, indicating dye was degraded mainly in the presence of carbon sources. There was no substantial negative effect in electricity generation was observed with the dye degradation. Dye removal was decreased with the increase in dye initial concentration (25-800 mg/L) and increases notably with the increase in initial glucose concentration between 0 and 1,000 mg/L, while afterward insignificant effect up to 2,000 mg/L was observed. Glucose was determined as better co-substrate followed by acetic, propionic, and lactic acid in terms of dye removal and maximum power production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed sodium 4-aminoazobenzene-4´-sulfonate to be the subsequent metabolites formed during the decolorization of dye. This work demonstrated that MFC could be applied to achieve electricity generation and simultaneous azo dye degradation using glucose as the preferred co-substrate.
Bioremediation of Dye effluent waste through an optimised Microbial Fuel Cell
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that generates current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature. Sewage wastewater collected from different locations and effluents from Textile industries in Mumbai city were screened for generation of electricity using a " Two chambered H-type MFC unit ". The present study demonstrated that maximum electricity was generated from effluent of textile industry using MFC, while at the same time accomplishing biological waste treatment of the same. Highest current output was obtained with 10% KCl and 7% agar concentration in salt bridge after running it for 120 hrs. The effects of different cathodic electron acceptors were tested and optimum catholyte obtained was 40mM potassium ferricyanide which showed maximum current production of 0.64 mA. Effect of various sugars was screened and 1 % glucose and 1% sucrose exhibited optimum growth of indigenous flora present in the waste water. Hence 0.5% of molasses in textile dyeing effluent generated maximum current. Scanning electron Microscopy of anode biofilm showed formation of nanowires. Optimised MFC system with Textile Dye industry effluent generated maximum current of 0.768mA with 76.4% of BOD reduction.
Dye Degradation Using Microbial Fuel Cells: A Critical Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
An MFC or Microbial Fuel Cell is used for treating wastewater and simultaneously helps decolorize azo dyes by using microorganisms as the catalyst. Its primary function is bioelectricity generation, which is very well-established in this field. The degradation of dyes using MFCs has still not been published on a large scale for the bioelectricity generation using the same. This review gives an overview of the whole process and discusses certain factors that might affect the dye degradation process. There are several limitations to this process. The most major one is the high cost of the cathode catalyst. This problem can mainly be solved by making use of a biocathode. The most used microorganisms in this process include Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas.
3 Biotech, 2018
Single chamber air cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising and sustainable technology to generate electricity. In the present study, the potential of air cathode MFC treating dye processing wastewater was investigated at various organic loads with interest focused on power densities, organic removal and coulombic efficiencies. The highest power density of about 515 mW/m (6.03 W/m) with 56% of coulombic efficiency was procured at 1.0 (g COD/L) organic load. The high potency of TCOD (total chemical oxygen demand), SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) removal of about 85%, 73% and 68% respectively was achieved at the organic load of 1.0 (g COD/L). The bacterial strains in anode region at the initial stage of MFC operation were reported to be responsible for potential organic removal. The bacterial strains in air cathode MFC were identified as sp. strain JRA1 (MH27077), sp. strain JRA2 (MH27078), sp. strain JRA3 (MH27079), sp. strain JRA4 (MH27...