Managing ambiguity. How clientelism, citizenship, and power shape personhood in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Berghahn 2017 (original) (raw)

Post-Socialist Neoliberalism and the Ethnography of Uncertainty. A Review of the Volume Brković, Čarna: Managing Ambiguity: How Clientelism, Citizenship and Power Shape Personhood in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tibor Toro, Acta Univ. Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies

Bosnia has always been in the focus of sociological and ethnographic research, providing rich empirical material in numerous domains from political science through nationalism studies to history. Also, based on this research, a vast number of theories were developed regarding informality, clientelism, the consequences of power sharing, interethnic relations, conflict and conflict management, or the image and memory of the Balkans. Similarly, in the past almost 30 years, a vast number of literature focused on the consequences of post-socialist transition, asking questions regarding how Central and Eastern European countries managed to overcome the challenges of post-socialism and what were the peculiarities of transition to capitalism and democracy in the region. Managing Ambiguity: How Clientelism, Citizenship and Power Shape Personhood in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Čarna Brković continues and breaks with this tradition at the same time. On the one hand, relying on exquisite empirical material, she continues the finest anthropological tradition that focuses on the complex concept of favours, informality, and clientelism. By putting it in the context of the state welfare system, it presents how these shape social and power relations in a Bosnian town. On the other hand, with theoretical thoroughness, she rejects the Central and Eastern European specificity and the groundedness in post-communist transition, criticizes the orientalizing aspects of research in the topic, and formulates general conclusions on the challenges of the globally observable neoliberal transformation of the state .

On inevitability of political clientelism in contemporary Serbia

Sociologija, 2016

This paper deals with the problem of political clientelism in Serbia broadly defined as the selective distribution of benefits (money, jobs, information, a variety of privileges) to individuals or clearly defined groups in exchange for political support. The main objective is to explain why political clientelism is widespread in Serbia and which key factors determine its shape and intensity. The explanation is based on the analysis of historical factors of development of clientelism in Serbia, as well as on analysis of data from a recent research on informal relations between political and economic elites in Serbia and Kosovo. The paper concludes that clientelism and informality have represented one of the structuring principles of socioeconomic and political development of Serbian society under the conditions of weak formal institutions and socio-historical heritage of late modernization. On the other hand, since 2000 economic and political sphere in Serbia became more open and com...

INEQUALITY AND WELFARE STATE CLIENTELISM IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Economic Annals, 2019

Inequality in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is rampant, manifested not only through one of the highest Gini coefficients in Europe but also in unequal access to social benefits and services. We find this to be an outcome of BiH's entity-government social policy, which has been created to serve ethnic clientelistic politics. As the country's former social protection system adjusted in the immediate post-civil war period to a new asymmetric government structure made of two entities, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, it helped the main ethnic political parties preserve their power and ethnic divisions. This was achieved through a comprehensive system of status-based social benefits, most notably war-related social benefits granted on the basis of ethnic and military service affiliation. As such, in both BiH's entities, the system of social protection is an instrument of political control that generates inequality by treating certain social groups differently in terms of access to and level of benefits while excluding much of the population. The process is found to be endogenous; in other words, maintaining inequality in access to social benefits is essential for preserving clientelistic policy, and vice versa.

“Sow hunger, reap anger”: From neoliberal privatization to new collective identities in Bosnia Herzegovina

The 2013 and 2014 mass protests emerged unexpectedly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country still recovering from the difficult experience of the 1992-1995 war. A thorough analysis of the protest events and their dynamics reveals that, although unexpected, the rebellion at the periphery of Europe was far from unpredictable. This chapter offers a close reading of the two episodes of protests: the 2013 demonstrations for citizenship rights and the 2014 protests against corruption and for social justice. The chapter analyzes the social basis and organizational format of the mobilizations, exploring in detail the connections with the local cultural environment, as well as the frames used. The chapter discusses the extent to which the neoliberal restructuring of the country on the one hand pauperized the population, and on the other hand fostered the emergence of a renewed solidarity grounded in deprivation rather than in ethnicity.

Bosnia, Neoliberal Capitalism, Conservative Consciousness, and Citizens' Naivety

Bosnian Studies: Journal for research of Bosnian thought and culture, 2020

The historical process has posed a challenging question about Bosnia's national identity today. It is quite obvious that since the end of the 19th century, the historical course of a nation has been reduced to a "religious group" in which it is possible to recognize regression and unconscious existence. This represents a trace of the Ottoman period of hegemony in Bosnia, when the identity of the people was determined by religious affiliation. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in Bosnia, left Bosniaks solely perceived and defined as Muslims. What looks like naivety and powerlessness during the 20th century, should in fact be seen as ignorance of, and non-reflexivity on, one's own existence. In the Yugoslav system, they were designated as Muslims - with the capital letter M. At the time, it was announced as the solution to the national question! The clash of unfinished ethnic-religious constructions of Bosniak identity and ...