In vitro Efficacy of Botanical Extracts against Rhizoctonia solani causing Sheath Blight of Rice (original) (raw)
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In vitro efficacy of botanicals against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn inciting sheath blight of rice
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2021
Among the fungal diseases, sheath blight, caused by multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris Donk), a ubiquitous pathogen. It is an important fungal disease of rice ranking only after blast and often rivaling it. The potential losses due to sheath blight alone in India has been estimated up to 50.3 per cent. An attempt was made to investigate the antifungal efficacy of botanicals viz., neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) in vitro by poison food techniqueat 5 and10 per cent concentrations. The bulb extract of garlic and ginger rhizome extract of ginger suppressed the mycelial growth (68.70 and 67.77 respectively) at 10% concentration followed by neem leaf extract (64.63%), bulb extract of onion (63.52%) and tulsi leaf extract (61.52%) at 8 days after inoculation.
Effect of plant extracts against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia Solani
2017
A total of 11 plant (parts of plants) were extracted with three different solvents (hexane, chloroform and methanol) sequentially and tested against Colletotrichum musae (anthracnose of banana) and Rhizoctonia solani J.G.Kuhn (sheath blight of rice) @ 0.2% concentrations of 20EC formulation. Among the different plant extracts leaves of clerodendrum (Clerodendrum infortunatum L.), polyalthia (Polyalthia longifolia Sonn.) and rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) were found most active against the pathogens. These active plant extracs were tested further in pot culture and field experiment on rice plant against Rhgizoctonia solani. In general the Plant extracts showed significant inhibition of radial growth of all the test pathogen but the most effective plant extracts was clerodendrum extract, found to be most effective against rice sheath blight pathogen both in pot culture and field experiment. Carbendazim 50WP (1g/lt) was used as standard fungicides for comparison. Test ...
2020
Rice (Oryza sativa. L) is the world's second most important cereal crop. It is the staple food crop for most of the people of south, southeast and eastern Asia where 90 per cent of the world's rice is produced and consumed. Among fungal diseases, sheath blight, caused by multinucleate, ubiquitous pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (Teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris Donk), is an important fungal disease of rice which ranks only after blast and often rivalling it. The potential loss due to sheath blight alone in India has been up to 51.3%. In this study an attempt was made to investigate invitro antifungal efficacy of botanicals viz., Garlic (Allium sativum), Marigold (Tagetes spp.), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Onion (Allium cepa), and Tulsi (Ocmium spp.) by the technique of food poisoning. The pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was allowed to grow on Potato Dextrose Agar amended with various botanical extract of concentrations 2.5, 5.0 and 10 per cent respectively. The effect of botanical extracts on mycelial growth inhibition was recorded after 72 hours of incubation. Among the botanicals used garlic showed cent of mycelial inhibition followed by Ginger (80.00%), Turmeric (78.51%), (Marigold (76.29%), and Eucalyptus (75.55%). The least mycelial growth inhibition was showed by Onion and Tulsi with (37.77%) respectively. On the basis of available information and preliminary studies, it is suggested that Ginger can be suggested for management of sheath blight disease of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani.
Of the fourteen fungicides of different groups evaluated in-vitro against Rhizoctonia solani , Metalaxyl (0.1%), Mancozeb (0.1%), Tricyclazole (0.1%), Thiophenate methyl (0.1%), Carbendizm+ Mancozeb (0.1%) were proved to be most effective in inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Among the bio-agents screened, Trichoderma viride was most effective in restricting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani followed by Penicillium notatum where as Aspergillus niger was proved least effective. Among the thirteen plant extracts evaluated garlic extract (10%) was most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungus followed by calotropis (10%). Datura leaf extract (10%) was found to be least effective in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2016
Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk], occurs throughout the temperate and tropical rice growing regions. Rice sheath blight was considered as a minor disease in earlier days, but now it is regarded as an internationally important disease second only to rice blast. Use of fungicides with a broad spectrum of activity against more than one disease is common in rice. The foliar spray of fungicides is the single most effective method for the management of sheath blight disease. The bio efficacy of various fungicides like Carbendazim 50 per cent WP, Mancozeb 50 per cent WP, Benomyl 50 per cent WP, Copper oxychloride 50 per cent WP, Edifenphos 50 per cent EC, Iprobenphos 50 per cent EC and Hexaconazole 5 EC were used to test against the R. solani by Poisoned food technique and Mycelial dry weight is analyzed. All the tested fungicides registered appreciable inhibition in colony growth and mycelia dry weight. Among the eight fungicides, Hexaconazole 200 ppm and 400 ppm were completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani. Among the fungicides, Hexaconazole showed the highest level of inhibition and recorded 49.3 mg mean of mycelial dry weight. The result of the experiment revealed the superiority of Hexaconazole in the control of R. solani, hence the same was used for further studies.
Management of Sheath Blight of Rice Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn
Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 2023
Sheath blight (ShB) of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is the most vital disease this is a serious issue in highyielding rice production systems. It is a significant issue with the rice producing system's high yielding types. The pathogen has a very wide host range and due to non-availability of resistant cultivars, the management of ShB primarily depends upon chemical control while the chemical control is not eco-friendly and is also dangerous for human health. However, the disease can be managed with botanical pesticides and biological agents. This study was planned with the objective to manage this disease with eco-friendly approaches. Different species of Trichoderma and plant extracts were evaluated under the laboratory conditions with dual culture technique and poisoned food technique respectively. Results showed that all bio-controls and plant extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani at different exposure intervals (5, 10 and 15 day) (P<0.05). In fungal bio-control, the highest percent inhibition was given by T. harzianum followed by T. atroviride on all incubation intervals. The lowest percent inhibition was 55%, 69 and 79% given by T. viride. All plant extracts significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of R. solani (P<0.05). Maximum percent inhibition was observed in case of neem followed by garlic, eucalyptus, and the minimum percent inhibition was exhibited by mint on 5, 10 and 15 days of incubation intervals.
International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2020
The antifungal potentialities of three ayurvedic formulations viz., Bacteridote, fungidote, viridote were evaluated in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight of rice. The current study of antifungal activity was assessed by food poison technique. Different concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% were evaluated by food poison technique. The results revealed that fungidote showed highest mycelial inhibition followed by viridote and bacteriodote. Fungidote and viridote showed cent per cent inhibition at 0.2 and 0.3% concentrations respectively. All ayurvedic formulations considerably inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani pathogen. The outcomes direct that the extent of inhibition by all three ayurvedic formulations provides use of excellent potential antagonists capable of reducing the growth of R. solani on sheath blight of rice.
Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a major constraint in rice production in India. The efficacy of cruciferous plant extracts were assessed against R. solani in laboratory conditions. Inhibitory effect of few cruciferous plant extracts were tested by poisoned food technique. At 1:1 dilution the highest inhibition of 51.1% was observed in cabbage and the least inhibition of 21.93% over control was observed in case of radish. At 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions none of the plants extracts were effective against R. solani. At 1:1 dilution only cabbage was found effective. The bio-fumigant property of the same cruciferous plants was tested against R. solani by following sealed Petri plate technique. At 2 days after incubation all the treatments showed inhibitory effect. Mustard completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen whereas cauliflower showed least inhibition with 44.8 mm radial growth of the pathogen. At 4 days after incubation only mustard and radish showed the inhibitory effect where mustard showed 100% inhibition on the growth of the pathogen.
Impact of fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn causing sheath blight disease of rice
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is an important pathogen of rice causing sheath blight disease. The pathogen thrives in soil and is polyphagous in nature. Till date no resistant variety has been registered against the disease which is the main reason of dependence on chemical management of the disease. In the present study six chemicals with different concentrations viz. 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm along with control were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen. The chemicals were also tested in vivo for management of sheath blight. The in vitro study was conducted using the 'poisoned food technique' and the in vivo study was done in the field condition during kharif season in two subsequent years (2018 and 2019). Spraying of the fungicides was advocated twice after the natural infection i.e. at 45 and 60 days after transplanting. The observations revealed that all the fungicides were capable for significant inhibition of the fungus in 'in vitro' and the disease in 'in vivo' conditions.