Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) (original) (raw)
The bluefin damselfish, Abudefduf luridus is commonly found in rocky shallow waters of the Macaronesian Islands. During the breeding season males prepare and defend nests in an open rock within their territories. Females deposit egg masses in single layers (clutches) and return to their territories after spawning. Males care for the eggs until the hatching of planktonic larvae. Behaviour observations have shown that deserted nests are generally reoccupied by other males who take care of present eggs and begin attracting females, similar to the redlip blenny (Santos 1995). Competition for territories is high and is a central factor of mating and reproductive success of the males.
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The bluefin damselfish, Abudefduf luridus is commonly found in rocky shallow waters of the Macaronesian Islands. During the breeding season males prepare and defend nests in an open rock within their territories. Females deposit egg masses in single layers (clutches) and return to their territories after spawning. Males care for the eggs until the hatching of planktonic larvae. Behaviour observations have shown that deserted nests are generally reoccupied by other males who take care of present eggs and begin attracting females, similar to the redlip blenny (Santos 1995). Competition for territories is high and is a central factor of mating and reproductive success of the males.
The use of polymerase chain reaction generated nucleotide sequences as probes for hybridization
Molecular and Cellular Probes, 1990
In this report a rapid, simple and economical means of preparing a cDNA probe of specified length, sequence and specific activity is described . The process involves the use of a polymerase chain reaction to incorporate radiolabelled nucleotides into a single stranded or double stranded cDNA sequence . A pair of oligonucleotide primers are synthesized, flanking the sense and antisense strands of a selected sequence . The primers are then used with a cloned DNA fragment or a cellular source of RNA or DNA as a template to amplify the specific gene sequence . The sequence to be used as a probe is selected from the known sequence using free energy calculations of the secondary structure . The calculation of free energy predicts regions of stable secondary structure which may hinder transcription and thus are to be avoided . By selecting the distance between primers the probe length can be controlled to allow adequate probe permeability into tissue samples . The specific region of the gene sequence can be chosen to differentiate between closely related sequences by avoiding areas of homology. Altering the concentration of a radiolabelled nucleotide allows direct control of probe specific activity . The use of asymmetric PCR allows the preferential generation of an antisense single stranded cDNA sequence for a higher sensitivity in the detection of low abundance mRNA .
Analytical Biochemistry, 2000
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) 2 are short repeating units of DNA which occur frequently in most eukaryotic genomes (1, 2). In the mouse, they are widely distributed throughout the genome and exhibit high rates of sequence-length polymorphism that are easily characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoretic size analysis (2). By analyzing recombination frequencies of simple sequencelength polymorphisms (SSLPs) in crosses between inbred laboratory mouse strains, highly detailed genetic linkage maps of the mouse genome have been created . Typically, more than 100 progeny must be analyzed to map a single SSR. A standard method for analysis of polymorphic DNA fragments uses PCR to generate SSLP fragments from genomic DNA of each animal followed by analysis of the product lengths using agarose gel electrophoresis .
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