Landscape Research An Examination of Tabriz Gardens in Iranian Garden Art (original) (raw)
Related papers
Traditional Gardens in Iran; a potential subject for study
IFLA APR CLC International Symposium: Identity of Traditional Asian Landscapes, 2010
It is possible to categorize traditional landscapes of Iran into; Natural landscapes (with human interactions, e.g. Cemeteries, Qanats, canals, dams …), Cultivated landscapes (e.g. fruit gardens and crop fields), Royal gardens (mainly belong to royal families), Private gardens (mainly belong to Governors or Khans), Public open spaces and Courtyards. This paper will firstly try to introduce and present some samples of traditional courtyards and gardens, which still existed in Iran (specially focus on private sector gardens and courtyards. The paper would like to show the importance of studying these gardens as some important sources of knowledge in this field. Studying these gardens may fulfill some gaps for better understanding of garden design in this region. The second part of the paper will give us a list of gardens and availability of information and studies about them. The data clearly shows the potential that exist on studying these gardens.
The Historical Gardens of Iran: Issues for Sustainable Landscape Design
AENSI Journals, 2014
This paper is comparative study and concentrates on a research based on sustainable parameters of four Persian gardens, located on the central plateau of Iran. The lack of green spaces in the vast arid regions in Iran, has forced landscape architects and gardeners to create many innovative solutions to heat and dryness and the design method of Persian garden is one of them. Historical gardens of Iran have had special role to moderate local climates in arid regions and their design methods can be strategies for contemporary landscape architects. The selected case studies of this paper are Chehelsotoun, Fin, Shazde and Dolatabad gardens which are placed in the cities of Isfahan, Kashan, Mahan and Yazd respectively in arid regions of Iran. The research method adopted in this paper consists of descriptiveanalytic and deductive analyses, and by the analysis of sustainable features and characteristics of these selected historical gardens; such as, planting and irrigation systems, and relationship between natural and built elements of Persian gardens ,the authors identify an appropriate approach to create green spaces for present sustainable landscaping in similar climates. Results confirm that the similarities and differences between these selected gardens are because of the different microclimatic regions they are located in. At the conclusion, the authors classify the main characteristics of Persian gardens from sustainability view and present recommendations for sustainable landscape design.
In Persian painting, as an abstract art, the use of garden has been as the way architects have used in designing the garden. However, the painter breaks different parts of the garden, so the viewer may move on the image. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of Persian garden’s natural and man-made physical elements on painting art. For this purpose, a selection of Tabriz’s second school paintings, especially the paintings of “Khamseh Tahmasbi” and “Shahnameh Tahmasbi”, were analyzed accurately. This is an analytical-descriptive study; the library studies were used for collecting the data. The results showed that as far as form is concerned, these paintings picture all the natural and artificial physical elements of Persian Garden exactly like its architectural expression.
The Role of Historical Persian Gardens in Contemporary Urban context of Iran.
Persian garden is the practical burst of life in Iranian land and in extended concept it is the art of living and result of the effort of humankind for creating a suitable environment with the natural elements in the scope of that nature. Chahar Bagh, the most stable innovation of Achaemenian turned to the most fundamental element of Persian Gardens and followed successively in different era and affect extensively on various parts of Persian gardens and life. In 11 th century garden established a complex relation with the city and became one part of public places until 16th century that the usage of this scheme has diminished in Iran and imitation of European gardens chiefly French one were established; but, were not considered by Iranian urban inhabitants compared to historical Persian gardens; while, some existing historical Persian gardens are still considered and being actively used. This study examines two of these historical Persian gardens through publics' preferences based on their perceptions of the visual and scenery effects in relation to the characteristics of these gardens to find predominant physical and social aspects of these gardens. In this study, historical Persian Gardens were chosen due to their historical background as first sample of Iranian urban green spaces and public as the large consumer of urban spaces considered to provide positive affects towards a better understanding of these places.
Persian Gardens in Cold and Dry Climate: A Case Study of Tabriz’s Historical Gardens
International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR
Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens. Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz a...
The productive landscape in Persian Gardens; Foundations and features
The purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions and attributes of productive and agricultural landscape in the Persian gardens. The methodology of conducting this study is descriptive-analytical. The data is gathered through library research and interviews, as well as field studies in the six Persian Gardens (Akbariyeh, Rahim Abad, Amir Abad, Bahlgerd, Pahlavanpur, and Shahzadeh). The results, which show the need to provide recreational services for owners, guests and in some cases people, has led to the significant presence of fruitful greenery, even in the governmental gardens. There are various fruit trees in the gardens of Shahzadeh, Amirabad and Pahlavanpur which demonstrate the importance of targeted food products for human consumption as well as animals in the system of designing the traditional green spaces. Promotion the quality of the beauty of inner green scenery of the gardens is other characteristics of agricultural landscape, specifically in Birjand's gardens which the visual landscape system has been created by composition of fruitful and ornamental species. Additionally, attitudes into increasing the efficiency, profitability and self-sufficiency of landscape have been ordered the planting of multipurpose plant species in the Iranian garden design. There are varieties of vegetables and herbs in the garden of Shahzadeh, and fragrant flowers, saffron, plum, pomegranate and fig trees representing in Birjand's garden proving the medicinal properties of productive scenery in addition to their appropriateness to the climate and scarce resources. Throughout history the structural importance of the edible landscape in Persian garden is due to the knowledgeable use of green spaces and landscaping. The combination of ornamental horticulture and fruit farming results in a multi-functional garden. Therefore, the agricultural landscape can be introduced as an indicator to assess the quality of garden management, an efficient tool for assessing the status of agricultural knowledge, gardens health assessment, as well as evaluating the lifestyle and the natural-cultural continuity of a garden to its context which should be considered more by the researchers.
Application of Persian garden Design Pattern in Gardens of Northern Iran
Bagh-e Nazar, 2021
Problem statement: Persian gardens which are registered on UNESCO heritage list share similar patterns and design characteristics. Enjoying a geometrical design, enclosure, order, visual symmetry, axial order and centrality are among the main characteristics of every Persian garden. The Persian gardens are always divided into four sectors, with water playing an important role for both irrigation and ornamentation. The Persian garden, as a metaphor of paradise, is usually known as the tradition of arid zones and hot and dry climates; while due to the greenery and rich natural environment of mild and humid climate, this kind of design is not considered a necessity in such areas. Research objective: This paper, however, rejects such inclusivity and discusses that the Persian garden design principles have also been employed in other climatic regions of Iran as well. Accordingly, the current paper introduces a number of historical gardens in mild and humid climatic zone of Iran, which have applied the same design principles as Persian gardens. Research method: The paper seeks to clarify if Persian gardens can be exclusively found in hot and arid parts of Iran; and if not, what are the ways in which one can design a Persian garden in the mild and humid parts of Iran. The paper uses a qualitative method to explore the understanding and interpretation of users about the notion of garden in the studied area, and to identify the mutual characteristics of designing garden in central and northern parts of Iran. Conclusion: The paper further discusses if application of Persian garden design principles is responsive in northern Iran. "Dar Al-Hokoumah of Guilan", "Safa Garden" and "Nasseriye Gardens" in Rasht, "Abbasabad Garden" in Behshar as well as several historical houses in Amlash are among the cases to approve the adaptability of Persian garden design principles in a different climate than hot arid central part of Iran.
Fath-Abad Garden Persian Garden’s Renovation and the Original Indicators of the Persian Garden
2020
Fath-Abad Garden in Kerman, in the central desert of Iran, is one of the considerable examples of Persian garden in the Qajar period. The garden strictly responds to the original factors of the Persian garden, while represents some contradictions with classic structure of the Persian garden. After decades of neglect, this garden was renovated in 2015 and opened to the public. Today, when we visit this garden it is difficult to redefine it as a Persian Garden. By referring to the previous on the structural indicators of the Persian gardens, this paper compares Fath-Abad garden, before and after renovation, with original characters of Persian Garden as a unique identity. To achieve this goal, aerial photos as and general photos of the garden before and after renovation were the basic resources of this research. Considering the garden’s structure before and after renovation, this paper argues that the neglect of two main structural indicators of the Persian gardens, which has disturbed the perception of this garden as a Persian garden. The results show that the ignorance of two important indicators of Persian garden including being enclosed with walls, the position of the main entrance and its relation with main axis and pavilion, have disturbed the perception of this garden as the Persian garden and as a complex of three detached garden.
Retrieving the Concepts of Persian Garden in the Content of Contemporary Iranian Painting
International Journal of Applied Arts Studies, 2021
contemporary paintings are abundantly brought up with combination of various images of Iranian Gardens in order to describe identity and culture of Iran, because these paintings have important role in retrieving and recognizing Iranian identity , culture and history, and also have a very long-lasting record , because of which there exists a need for studying. Contemporary paintings , all inherited from Iranian Garden design, embed presentation of plans, animals and architecture , as matters of identity and culture of our country, can help to make better recognition and revival of past culture and older Iranian identity. Gardens have had very important place since old days in Iranian culture and civilization and have been counted as one of fundamental concepts of social, cultural and natural discourse of this land , Still presented in Iranian literature ,architecture and painting in different forms, in a way that these days’ painters pay special attention to outcome concepts of Iranian Gardens. The main purpose of this work is recognizing and retrieving the concepts of Iranian garden in content of contemporary Iranian painting. At the time being, study conclusions show that it is possible to retrieve the concepts of the Iranian garden by means of analyzing and demonstrating the content of landscape drawing drawn by contemporary painters, specially construction type, Rhythm, symmetry, and coloring used in these works .