Asian Biotechnology and Development Review.pdf (original) (raw)
Related papers
Biodiversity and intellectual property rights: Can the two co‐exist
Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy, 1999
DECISION 11/12 of the Second Conference of the Parties' to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), requested the CBD Secretariat to: -undertake a preliminary study which analyses the impact of intellectual property rights (IPR) systems on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the equitable sharing of benefits derived from its use; -liase with the Secretariat of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to inform it of the goals and the ongoing work of the CBD; -invite the Secretariat of the WTO to assist in preparing a paper for the Conference of Parties (COP) that identifies the synergies and relationship between the objectives of the CBD and the TRIPS agreement.
Ownership of biodiversity: A developing country’s perspective on an open international debate
1994
The life sciences are changing at a rapid rate in their fundamental character. These changes are of two principal kinds. First, tremendous technical advances have been realized over the past couple of decades. It is now possible and, indeed, is common practice to transfer genetic material between completely dissimilar organisms. It is also possible to isolate and multiply for commercial use parts of organisms to, for example, mass-produced chemicals that are otherwise produced in much smaller quantities by plants. The second change, intimately connected with these scientific breakthroughs, is a strong and escalating trend toward the commercialization of the life sciences (Belcher and Hawtin 1991). As a consequence, since the mid-1980s, the main industrialized countries have started international negotiations to encourage (or to force) the rest of the world to reduce unauthorized diffusion of new technologies. The risk of having their intellectual property pirated elsewhere would det...
Environment & Ecosystem Science, 2019
Man arrived on the planet earth only recently i.e. about 1 million years ago! but he has been using his knowledge and technology to impact on other living organisms (the biodiversity) that have taken more than 600 million years to develop. In this review, the concept of biodiversity is considered beyond the physical/morphological manifestation of plants, animals and the microbes (i.e. species diversity), and further defined in terms of genetic, behavioral, life-history, physiological and other diversities. The paper examines the essence of biodiversity from the perspectives of food production, drug development, inexhaustible genetic resources and ecosystem services but regrets to note the unsustainable manner of its exploitation by humans. Additionally, it highlights the necessity for reducing ecological footprints (and increasing our handprints) as a way out of this environmental challenge. The paper concludes that our planet is sick, and the basis of our existence is being undermined with the onset of biological poverty. It therefore recommends that everyone of us should begin to use our "healing hands" to compensate for the damage we have done or are doing directly or indirectly to biodiversity.
The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture: a Call to Action?
Environmental Policy and Law, 2019
chaper-8.htm). The Commission concluded that chapter by noting that "[t]he American Convention on Human Rights is premised on the principle that rights inhere in the individual simply by virtue of being human. Respect for the inherent dignity of the person is the principle which underlies the fundamental protections of the right to life and to preservation of physical well-being. Conditions of severe environmental pollution, which may cause serious physical illness, impairment and suffering on the part of the local populace, are inconsistent with the right to be respected as a human being". 73 Inter-American Court of Human Rights. 2012. Case of the Kichwa Indigenous People of Sarayaku v. Ecuador. Merits and reparations. Judgment. Series C No. 245, at para. 218.
1999
The diffusion of biotechnology in most countries of the developing world is likely to take the form of embedded technologies (transgenic seed). In some countries with an incipient science and technology capacity diffusion is likely to take place via technological spin-offs and the commercial activities of multinational enterprises. Although regulation plays a critical role in technology transfer, there is lack of capacity to exercise regulatory oversight effectively. The result of this is likely to be loss of public confidence in the technology with consequent implications for technology transfer. Agricultural biotechnology is already having a profound impact on agriculture. The all-pervasive nature of the technology has given rise to hope and expectations, but also to fear. Two diametrically opposite visions of agricultural biotechnology have been evoked. A vision of an omnipotent "benign" science able to liberate farmers from the forces of nature and one in which it is p...