Prevalence and associated risk factors of undiagnosed diabetes among adult Moroccan Sahraoui women (original) (raw)
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Diabetes and obesity in the eastern Morocco
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2011
The objective of this research is to describe the current situation (frequencies) of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) and their relationship in Oujda capital of eastern Morocco and its regions, and to investigate the influences of milieu, sex and age. A sample of 1,628 individuals at least 40 years old was formed by voluntary participation using convenience sampling through 26 campaigns in urban and rural areas in late 2008. The proportion in the total sample was globally 10.2% for DM, 8.1% for impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 25.1% for obesity and 40.3% for overweight. The relative frequency of DM was slightly higher in women than in men (10.7% vs. 9.3%, not significant (NS)); for IFG it was respectively 8.7% versus 7.01% (NS). The relative frequency of DM was 1.34 times higher in urban (10.9%) than in rural areas (7.9%, P \ 0.05). It was also more elevated in obese subjects (15.9%) than in normal ones (9.7%, P \ 0.001). Obesity proportion was markedly greater in women (32.7%) than in men (11.5%, P \ 0.001). Obesity and overweight were more frequent in urban populations than in rural ones. In conclusion, our results show an alarming increasing trend in the current situation and frequencies of DM, obesity and overweight in the capital of eastern Morocco and its regions, especially for women in urban area.
To quantify problem of DM-II, determine 10 years risk of DM-II occurrence (CANRISK) and to identify risk factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional community-based study was carried-out among peri-menopausal females in Bini-Hassan and Nazlet-Ebeed villages of El Minia district. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used, included socio-demographic data, family, gynecological and obstetric history. CANRISK, blood sugar, Body mass index and waist hip ratio were measured. Results: About one fourth of participants (25.4%) were diabetics by the blood sugar evaluation. Also, near half of participants had moderate risk of diabetes (46.8%) as evaluated by (CANRISK). A significant relation between blood sugar and special habits, anthropometric measurements and reproductive factors. Most important predictors of DM among participants were lack of physical activity, overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Sedentary life style, obesity, early menarche and early menopause were all factors contributing to diabetes occurrence. We need locally adapted diabetes screening risk questionnaire to be applied to female taking into account female reproductive factors.
Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine
Objective: This study aims to investigate the risk factors of diabetes and its complications in the eastern region. Design: This is a retrospective study conducted on diabetic patients followed at the regional center of diabetology and chronic diseases in Oujda for the period 2012-2019. Materials and Methods:Clinical, biological, therapeutic and anthropometric data were collected from patient records. Result: A total of 3.976 patients participated in the study. The frequency of complications is around 1/3. One diabetic out of four has at least one modifiable cardiovascular risk factor: arterial hypertension at 25.35%, dyslipidemia at 12.67%, overweight and obesity at 35.48% and 27.8%. The most discriminating factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications in order of importance are age of diabetes, hypertension, HbA1c and dyslipidemia, statistically significant associations were found with p 0.0082, 0.0001, 0.002, 0.0001 respectively). Then a multifactorial analysis coupled wi...
E3S Web of Conferences
Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension are the most emerging chronic diseases in the world and in Morocco. This study aimed to assess the influence of lifestyle risk factors (RF) on the occurrence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) in an urban and rural community in northeast Morocco (Nador). This is a cross-sectional study, which took place from 1 June to 30 September 2019 in the frontline health centers. Patients over 18 years of age, consulting during the study period, and consenting were included lifestyle and other variables were studied in a structured questionnaire. A total of 397 adults were included. Among them, 61% were from rural areas and 39% from urban areas. The average age was 40.19 ± 15.68 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 27%, of which 72% were T2DM, and that of hypertension was 18%. The RF listed in this community were ranked in descending order as follows: disturbed sleep (46%), abdominal obesity (35%), eating less than 5 fruits and vegetables (25%) and stre...
Open Journal of Epidemiology
Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21 st century that brings a considerable economic burden on worldwide healthcare resources. Indeed, people with diabetes have a higher lifetime healthcare expenditure due to the long-term complications, which include micro and macrovascular complications. This study sought to estimate the frequency of diabetes complications, and to investigate the associated risk factors. Methodology: Data were obtained from the medical records of 2401 diabetic patients followed at the Reference Center of Diabetes and Chronic Diseases (RCD) in Oujda (Morocco) during the period 2006-2011. Results: Our sample of 2401 diabetic patients include 64.7% women. 32% of patients have one or more complications; retinopathy is the most frequent complication (16.8%), followed by nephropathy (12.4%), cardiovascular diseases (5.4%), neuropathy (3.6%) and diabetes foot (2%). Logistic regression in univariate followed by multivariate analysis has showed that age, duration of diabetes and high albuminuria are the major risk factors for the development of diabetic complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Nearly one third of diabetic patients were affected by at least one diabetic complication; retinopathy is the most common complication in these patients. Strengthening programs to improve diabetes management and to reduce the risk of these complications should be a high priority in order to control the cost of treatment.
Metabolic syndrome among Moroccan Sahraoui adult Women
American Journal of Human Biology, 2004
Factors related to metabolic syndrome were investigated in a sample of 249 Moroccan Sahraoui women, ages 15 years and older. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure were measured. The results indicate that central obesity was the most common comorbid factor (75%) followed by hypertension (28.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (22.4%), hyperglycemia (11.9%), and hypercholesterolemia (11.6%). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 16.3%, and it was more prevalent in obese, older, married, and women without education than nonobese, younger, single, and educated women. Also, the prevalence of all metabolic syndrome components decreased with physical activity. The results suggest that prevention of obesity, particularly central obesity, could be the most direct route to prevention of this syndrome and its complications. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:598–601, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
E3S Web of Conferences
According to the World Health Organization, diabetes is the cause of 1.5 million deaths each year, 80% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. It will become the principal cause of death by 2030. In Morocco, the situation is as alarming as at the global level. However, the prevalence of diabetes at the provincial level is unknown. This paper aims to present partial results obtained from a statistical study, carried out in February 2021, where we estimated the prevalence of diabetes and studied some socio-demographic determinants among the diabetic population living in Salé, Morocco. The investigation included a sample of 488 households selected according to a two-stage stratified probabilistic sampling plan (466 of which were surveyed (i.e. 1868 individuals) with a response rate of 466/488 =95.5%). The results showed that, in 2021, diabetes was affecting 5.5% (95% CI 4.5%, 6.6%) of the studied population (5.8% of women and 5.1% of men, 5.6% in urban areas and 4.5% in rur...
Scientific Reports, 2022
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults in Morocco. Cross-sectional data were analyzed from 4779 people (≥ 18 years, mean age 41.7 years) who participated in the Morocco STEPS nationally representative survey in 2017 and had completed fasting blood glucose measurement. The results indicate that the prevalence of undiagnosed T2D was 5.9% (44.7% of total T2D), diagnosed T2D 7.3% and total T2D 13.2%. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, older age (≥ 50 years), receipt of health care advice, and obesity were positively associated with undiagnosed T2D. Older age (≥ 50 years), urban residence, receipt of health care advice, ever cholesterol screening, moderate sedentary behaviour, obesity, hypertension, and elevated total cholesterol were positively associated with diagnosed T2D. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (≥ 50 years), receipt of health care advice and cholesterol screening were negatively associated with undiagnosed T2D versus diagnosed T2D. A significant proportion of adults in Morocco had undiagnosed T2D and several associated factors were identified that can help guide interventions. According to the World Health Organization 1 , more than one and a half million people died from diabetes in 2019; however, diabetes can be treated with diet, physical activity, medication and regular screening and management of complications. Untreated undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) may have serious consequences, including microvascular and macrovascular complications 2,3 and an increased risk of mortality 4,5 , highlighting the crucial importance of early diagnosis. In 2021, worldwide 44.7% of adults with T2D did not know they had T2D 6. In an earlier review of studies in 29 low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the prevalence of undiagnosed T2D was 4.9% 7 , and in a review of 55 studies in the eastern Mediterranean region, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed T2D was 5.45%, for example, in Tunisia 7.7% and in Iraq 6.2% 8. In a small sample of urban Sahraoui women in South Morocco, the prevalence of undiagnosed T2D was 6.4% in 2001/2002 9. Due to 44% of the diabetes population being undiagnosed in Morocco 10 , the Moroccan Ministry of Health launched a public awareness campaign in 2015 on the different types of diabetes, its risk factors, warning signs and complications, the importance of screening and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, involving health professionals and other lay persons in awareness and health education and involving the media in information and awareness on diabetes and its complications 11. There is a lack of national data on undiagnosed T2D and its correlates in Morocco 8,12. These data may help to assess public health interventions related to the screening and diagnosis of T2D in Morocco. Predisposing factors associated with undiagnosed T2D included in some studies younger adults 13-15 , older adults 16-19 , male sex 15,17 , living alone 15,20 , and family history of diabetes 21,22. Enabling/disabling factors associated with undiagnosed T2D include rural residence 13,16 , in some studies lower economic status 13,23 , food insecurity 24 , and lower education 14,25 , and in other studies higher economic status 17 , and higher education 23. Other enabling/ disabling factors associated with undiagnosed T2D include knowing symptoms of diabetes 21 , no health care visit in the past 12 months 15 , health insurance status (having medical insurance 16 , and not having private insurance 26 and health risk behaviours (high sedentary behaviour 27 , heavy alcohol use 28 , and high level of physical activity 23 .
Annals of Global Health
Background/Objective: The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions across the globe. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, together with its accompanying risk factors, among young females. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted with 638 Saudi females in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA version 14. Odds ratios for the risk of diabetes and associated factors were calculated using log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression. Standardized prevalence and strata-specific prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes for different risk factors were also calculated. Findings: The study revealed that nondiabetics and prediabetics were more prevalent between the ages of 18 and 24 years, while diabetic patients were consistently between 25 to 44 years of age. The average value for HbA1c in females was 5.44. Regression analysis shows that being older, married, obese, a smoker or less educated significantly increases the risk for both prediabetes and diabetes. Mutivariable analysis revealed obesity had a significant association with both prediabetes and diabetes. Prediabetics were 2.35 times more likely to be obese as compared to nondiabetics, with 95% CI (1.38-3.99). Similarly, diabetics were 6.67 times more likely to be obese compared to nondiabetics 95% CI (1. 68-26.42). Conclusion: Our study shows the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among females from Al Kharj was 3.8% and 18.8%, respectively. The diabetic and prediabetic female participants had higher mean BMI and waist circumference, were older in age, were married, and smoked as compared to nondiabetics. In the context of the findings of our study, and keeping in view the the burden of this disease globally and in our population, it has now become extremely important to understand these factors and encourage health-promoting behaviors to construct effective interventions.
Cross-sectional pilot study about the health status of diabetic patients in city of Misurata, Libya
African health sciences, 2012
Being a leading cause of death worldwide, epidemiological studies about diabetes mellitus have encouraged governments to initiate or improve local diabetes monitoring and prevention strategies. The main objective of this study was to examine the profile of diabetic patients in the city of Misurata, the third largest city in Libya. 260 diabetic cases of both gender randomly selected from the total number of patients admitted to the centre of diabetes and endocrine disorders, Misurata -Libya for the period between January to March 2008. Data collected from patients' files and by directly questioning the patients. SPSS software version 13 was used for the statistical analysis and presentation of the data. 87% of all patients were type 2 diabetics, while only 9.9% were type 1. 73% of all patients had family history of diabetes. 52% of all diabetic patients were obese, with more obesity in females (70% of females) than males (33.8% of males). Obesity was more pronounced in type 2 pat...