Urban Parks as Community Places (original) (raw)
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Public Open Space as Urban Architecture: Design and Public Life
IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series
Public open space (POS) does not become an adequate priority in urban planning and design in developing countries, including Indonesia. The cities are almost 'full of buildings' and 'less of POS.' Meanwhile, many studies show that the POS has a significant effect on citizens' quality of life. By this situation, the research means to explore the quality of public open space in relation to its utilization. The study observed POS in several small towns in North Sumatra Province, where new urbanized area had been rising by autonomy regulation. A visual survey was carried out to record, map and identify the quality of the public open spaces. Besides, the visitors were interviewed to get their perception of the quality of POS. The investigation indicates that almost of public life did not always equal with the design of the POS. Almost POS have no pedestrian linkage to make it connect with the other urban space. Thus, the majority of POS was alienated with the other part of cities.There was no integration with public transport, too. The facilities were less of maintenance. However, the community kept coming to the place and doing many activities. The respondents perceived the POS as quite good, but not good enough. Still, they mostly believed that the POS have a real impact on their quality of life.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015
Both disciplines of Landscape architecture and Urban Planning prepare a development plan for public spaces in cities and towns. Much of the design and planning of the spaces are done by the landscape architect and urban planners without community participation. This practice results in incompatibility of the spaces for the communities; underutilizing or abandoning the spaces, and worse vandalizing the properties of the spaces. This paper argues that community participation in the design and planning of urban public spaces can draw residents to establish a sense of attachment that may lead to community maintaining the spaces. A plethora of studies in human geography, urban sociology, landscape architecture and urban planning were reviewing the themes of community participation in the planning of public spaces. It is found that community participation needs to be underpinned by a philosophy that emphasises empowerment, equity, trust and learning. The quality of decisions made through community participation is strongly reliable on the nature of the process leading to them.
The making of successful public space: a case study of People's Park Square
Urban Design International, 2000
People's Park Square is a lively urban node located in the heart of the historic Chinatown district in Singapore. It is well used throughout the week and is the focus of much of the pedestrian activity that goes on in the area. This case study is part of an ongoing research project on the nature of good Southeast Asian streets and urban spaces and through it, we hope to identify and document answers to such questions as: why is the Square a successful urban space? What are the factors that make it work? What are the designable physical characteristics of such spaces? What can be done to promote good streets and urban spaces? For while the importance of creating good streets and urban spaces that provide conducive settings for public life is increasingly being acknowledged, the study of our regional urban environment has been, to date, largely neglected. Ultimately, the purpose of the study is to analyse the various factors involved in the makeup of successful Southeast Asian urban areas and to distill the findings into a set of physical designable characteristics that can be used to facilitate the future creation of successful urban spaces adapted to our regional requirements.
Journal of Architectural Research and Education, 2019
This research analysis the usage of various open spaces in Bandung City, and identifies influence of community participation on toward design of open spaces in local area in Bandung. Bandung get 2 times of Adipura Charter Again in 2015, 2016, 2017. The result of analysis indicates City Park as one of central open space in Bandung has been changing in design to be more green, comfortable, and complete with various landscape furniture, and encourage various activities than before. The design of City Park is also impressing to design of several local open spaces as product of PIPPK program, as one of the Mayor of Bandung program to developing Bandung City since 2015-now. Open spaces on local area for example in a village or district, is vary from : court yard, sport field, children playground, and garden as product of community participation. City parks in Bandung is one of the elements that pretty much changed in the last 3 years, in addition to other changes such as : bureaucratic re...
The Journal of Synergy Landscape, 2021
This article interprets the perception and aspirations of the city community, as a cornerstone of drafting the design criteria of a community-based city park landscape, which is effective and sustainable. Flooding and drought problems in Jakarta and surrounding areas should be resolved in a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable manner. Referring to the Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) which is an innovation in integrated water management, it is recommended to develop the function of detention and retention ponds as part of storm drainage system, replacing conventional system. Development of the city park landscape criteria as the synergies of the RTH function and the detention/retention ponds should be approached in a very careful, avoiding fatal malfunction and harsh rejection of the user community. The best approach should be done through tracing the needs, desires and expectations of the city community as the ‘end user' as well as 'super client' of the city par...
Emerging relationships between design and use of urban park spaces
Landscape and urban planning, 2010
This paper describes patterns of use in public open space such as parks that indicate relationships between the design of parks and the detailed ways that users inhabit (or not) such places. It focuses particularly on the use of comparatively level and regularly mown grassed areas. It draws on a combination of behaviourmapping and GIS supported techniques of spatial annotation and visualization, as applied to urban parks in two European cities, to reveal common patterns of behaviour that appear to be correlated with particular layouts and details. It demonstrates the value of the methodology in revealing relationships between design and use that are based on empirical evidence, and supporting the kind of detailed design guidance that can be of benefit for future design practitioners. It shows how guidance can be arrived at, based on the particulars of the case study sites and cities, and provides a starting point for further studies using the same methods. The value of the research is in helping designers be confident that layouts proposed for intended uses will, in practice serve those uses (and users) well and be likely to be used as predicted.
Cities, Communities and Futures Conference Proceedings Book, 2018
Livable cities must encourage social diversity in urban spaces in order to create a socially sustainable future. While housing is of primary importance for urban living, outdoor spaces, in which social interactions occur, are equally vital and complementary. Therefore, it is required to develop an understanding of inclusive urban spaces. Hence the present study aims to create an understanding of urban spaces through readings on urban parks by investigating their spatial settings with their inclusionary and exclusionary characteristics for their users. This reading on urban parks also aims to represent a projection of the community living in the neighbourhood where the parks are located. The theoretical approach of the study is based on the modernist utopia of space and its contradictions through conceptions of Lefebvre, Mike Davis and Jane Jacobs. Central Park, which displays Olmsted’s modernist vision of ideal inclusionary space and modern society, is taken as reference for the theoretical discussion. The spatial settings of parks are investigated in terms of whether they have inclusive aspects, which appeal to their users from different socio-economic backgrounds and bring them together to build egalitarian relationships, or exclusive aspects that appeal to specific users of a certain socio-economic class and impose them upon building hierarchical relationships. The case study investigates three non-historical parks from different districts with similar types of urbanisation processes that are based on an unplanned growth due to the migration to Istanbul. These parks with different extensities also represent three types of scales: city, neighbourhood and coastal. As a result of the study, design strategies and theoretical understandings of architects and urban designers are found to be overly idealised and the conceptions of inclusionary space observed to be overwhelmed by urban living that resists to comply with the regulations or projections.
Green Pause in a City: Design Elements of a Pocket Park in Kuala Lumpur
Environment-Behaviour Proceeding Journal, 2022
Pocket Park, a small-scale open urban green space valued as community assets, is introduced as an alternative for urban parks within limited space constraints. However, research on pocket parks, explicitly in Kuala Lumpur, is scarce compared to Western cities. This study looked into the design elements of Laman Tun Perak to investigate its significance to the urbanites. The objectives are to identify how the pocket park is utilised and determine its design elements. The design elements of a pocket park are connectivity and permeability, safety, comfort, and activities.
Designing the twenty-first century urban park: design strategies for a warming climate
2015
With 2014 considered the hottest year on record, the implication of climate change on the liveability of cities is becoming ever more apparent. Accordingly, the role of open space is emerging as a pressing issue, with clients increasingly demanding evidence of design performance. In 2011 for example the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation in collaboration with the Design Trust for Public Space released High Performance Landscape Guidelines: 21st Century Parks for NYC. As Deborah Marton the former Director of the Design Trust comments, this type of document reflects a major shift in the conception of open space, 'from park as end-product to park as work in progress '(Carlisle and Pevzner 2012). This paper explores how two contemporary designs for open space in Asian cities have engaged with environmental simulation to increase the performative attributes of open space. Through the comparison of Singapore's Gardens by the Bay and Taiwan's Phase Shifts Park w...
The Sustainable City XII, 2017
The Bologna Adaptation Plan, recently adopted by the City authorities to address the way the city of tomorrow will coop with climate change effects, suggests some effective measures to mitigate and reduce the impacts of urban heat island [UHI] and heat waves. Among the suggested actions, the greening of in-between spaces of the dense built environment and the introduction of new green surfaces (roof and facades) seem to offer interesting perspectives. The paper describes a research activity run by the Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Bologna to investigate how to define the best arrangement of greening with the aim to optimize the impact on outdoor comfort conditions. After analysing UHI, the related parameters and the mitigation effect produced by green surfaces, some demo sites were assumed as test bed to simulate different green layout. Models and simulations were performed using ENVIMET, a software recognized in the scientific literature as one of the most used tool at urban scale. Once boundary conditions were modelled and all the main features of the sites were properly modelled, simulations were run in order to compare different scenarios coming from a number of architectural, economical and practical constraints. The results are then compared with other factors, related to the social aspects, the use of the spaces, the perception of the sites, etc. Two demo sites were investigated in two of the densest parts of the city of Bologna and one in the historic city center was definitely implemented as a temporary initiative coupling the environmental challenge with the opportunity to socially reshape a fragment of old city. This microintervention represents the first experimental phase to strengthen the urban transition of the historic city center in the perspective to realize no-disruptive transformations of the open public spaces, improving the users' wellbeing and comfort.