RUSSIA CHINA STRATEGIC RELATIONS IN TWENTY FIRST CENTURY (original) (raw)

Russia -China Relations in the Emerging International System Anamika

Russia’s relationship with China is considered as the greatest foreign policy success of the post-Soviet period. In recent years, Russia- China relations have reached a historic level when compared to any other time in history that is from tense conditions to good neighborliness to strategic partnership. In the 21st century, the two nations made an attempt to develop strategic partnership based on equality and mutual understanding. Russia –China relations are providing good peripheral environment and mutual cooperation which can be seen as a tool for promoting national, economic development and to ensure their influential positions in the international affairs. The strengthening of friendly and cooperative relations between them not only plays a constructive role in helping the two countries to carry out their respective strategies of development, but also has a significant impact in the continuing the changes and development of the post-Soviet international relations.

Russia and China: The Potential of Their Partnership

CSS Analyses in Security Policy, no. 250, 2019

Russia and China are celebrating their “strategic partnership”, and have been vastly expanding their cooperation since 2014. Their close alliance is based on economic and geopolitical considerations. While it is mutually beneficial, it also has its limitations. However, in the mid-term, both China and Russia appear to be willing to overlook potential fields of tension, for instance in Central Asia.

CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY TRENDS TOWARDS RUSSIA, LATE 20th - EARLY 21st CENTURY (ECONOMIC ASPECTS)

Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies (HASSS), 2022

Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global arena. It's doubly significant when it is a question of Chinese foreign policy towards Russia or vice-versa to multi-polarizing economic spheres as well as confronts the western arbitrariness and dominance in the area. Both nations have apprehended the necessity and share a mutual interest in the development of trade and economic sectors. For this reason, bilateral and multilateral trade deals and a free economic zone agreement between states are very common trends worldwide. Asia's two global powers, China and Russia, are not lagging behind in trade. They are pursuing numerous policies to boost international ties and bring socioeconomic and political growth to the forefront in recent decades. This study aims to examine and analyze the problems and potential to promote bilateral economic relations between China and Russia. This study focuses on essentially secondary sources, including scholarly publications, scholarly articles, research papers, books, and other relevant sources pertaining to the subject. The study is qualitative but the quantitative method is also used. The study raises mutual interests and gives recommendations for the improvement of economic ties, the growth of military relations, trade relations, the development of regional cooperation, the promotion of advantageous bilateral cooperation, joint work, the strengthening of relations with international organizations, and the successful enhancement of bilateral ties between China and Russia.

China as a Strategic Economic Partner in the Concepts of Russian Foreign Policy in the 2020s

2021

Th e article presents an idea of the possible Russian-Chinese strategic economic partnership at the beginning of the 21 st century. Th e author indicates the main factors infl uencing Russian Federation foreign policy towards China from the perspective of a neoclassical realism.Th e author stands that according to J. Rosenau, the main factors determining the Russian foreign policy are idiosyncratic and role. Th en he analyses the Russian documents of foreign policy, economic data and geopolitical ideas. On that ground, he makes a simple analyse using the neoclassical realism model, that's integrates Foreign Policy Analyse and International Relations Th eory, joining independent and intervening variables, to support the article's hypotheses. Th at hypotheses say that, fi rstly, Th e Peoples Republic of China (PRC) plays a role of diversifi cation of Russia's international economic ties; and secondly, Th e PRC status as a Russia's strategic partner is at issue, despite the offi cial declarations of both sides.

Russia and China. Anatomy of a Partnership

2019

While the "decline of the West" is now almost taken for granted, China's impressive economic performance and the political influence of an assertive Russia in the international arena are combining to make Eurasia a key hub of political and economic power. That, certainly, is the story which Beijing and Moscow have been telling for years. Are the times ripe for a "Eurasian world order"? What exactly does the supposed Sino-Russian challenge to the liberal world entail? Are the two countries' worsening clashes with the West drawing them closer together? This ISPI Report tackles every aspect of the apparently solidifying alliance between Moscow and Beijing, but also points out its growing asymmetries. It also recommends some policies that could help the EU to deal with this "Eurasian shift", a long-term and multi-faceted power readjustment that may lead to the end of the world as we have known it.

Russia and China A New Model of Great Power Relations

The Ukraine crisis and the downturn in Russia-West relations that came in its wake have compelled Russia to turn decisively towards China. Deprived of other options, Moscow has found itself in the position of demandeur visà-vis Beijing, creating an increasingly imbalanced bilateral relationship.

A Match made in Heaven? Strategic Convergence between China and Russia

China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 2007

This article examines the strategic convergence between Russia and China. Strategic convergence is understood as material compatibility and overlap of key interests with regard to long-term developments in world politics, providing the basis for extensive tactical co-operation between two or more states. The article focuses on the compatibility of Russia and China in terms of complementary economies, location and political outlook. The match between Russian natural resources and Chinese markets is examined in particular. The article concludes that a closer relationship between the two countries in many ways would be of mutual advantage, but that it is far from certain that an alliance will develop.

Sino-Russian Partnership: Boosting Synergies in Global Strategy

Harvesting the Winds of Change: China and the Global Actors, 2024

China and Russia are the main driving forces of the transformation of the international order, new forms of globalisation, and anti-hegemonic policies at the global level. Cooperation between both countries has reached an unprecedented level and laid the foundation for a new type of great-power relations, manifesting itself in the conclusion and development of the comprehensive partnership and strategic coordination. Although avoiding the establishment of an alliance, both sides set no limits on mutual interactions, creating a huge potential for building mutual ties. The Sino-Russian strategic relationship is the crucial stabilising element of international relations amid growing volatility and protectionist, unilateral, and hegemonic practices largely advocated by liberal democracies. In the paper, a discourse analysis of the joint declarations adopted by Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin in 2022-2024 is conducted to identify the fundamental elements of the Sino-Russian vision of mutual relations, international affairs, and a reform of global governance. Russia has been a long-term advocate for a multipolar order and the democratisation of international relations, which coincides with China’s concept of an equal and orderly multipolar world and multiple initiatives that aim to make global governance more equitable. Both countries have introduced a civilisational perspective to the official discourse, thus affirming the relevance of the idea of multiple modernities and a plurality of modernisation and development paths. The article also addresses certain differences in the strategies of both countries. However, it concludes that the close relationship and strategic trust between China and Russia create conditions for both countries to go in the same direction, strengthening synergies and opening the door to inclusive economic globalisation, universal and indivisible security, democracy in international relations, a multipolar world order, and the community of a shared future for mankind.

Political and economic relations of Russia and China by the home

Ekonomika, Journal for Economic Theory and Practice and Social Issues, 2019

Russia and China occupy a vast area of Earth's land-based land. For centuries, the vast expanses of these countries have been unexplored in the fact that in the XX century, these two ginns were more seriously explored and the rivers link their distant territories with the capitals. The creator of the first international treaty between Russia and China (the 1728 coalition agreement) was a Serb, Russian count, Sava Vladislavic. It was the beginning of the construction of political and economic relations between Russia and China. During the three centuries of the existence of international cooperation between these two countries, there have been rising and falling as well as stagnation. In the Russian-Japanese War at the beginning of the XX century, Russia struggled to protect its influence in the Far East and prevent Japanese penetration into the significant Chinese province of Manchuria. Similarly, it was repeated in the Second World War when the Russians (the USSR) expelled the Japanese from Manchuria. The worst relations occur at the time of the communist development of both countries. At the end of the XX century, after the fall of communism in the USSR and the reforming of China into a market economy, the strategic partnership of the two countries, which is still taking place on both sides, has begun. We can say that this is a good example of a natural ally, where the two countries have a match of strategic interests.