Investigation and characterization of Pb (Zr 0. 52 Ti 0. 48) O 3 nanocrystalline ferroelectric ceramics: By conventional and microwave sintering methods (original) (raw)
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The improvement in dielectric and ferroelectric performance of PZT–PZN ceramics by thermal treatment
Current Applied Physics, 2007
Pyrochlore-free lead zirconate titanate -lead zinc niobate ceramics have been systematically investigated in the as-sintered condition as well as after annealing. The ceramics were characterized by dielectric spectroscopy and Sawyer-Tower polarization (P-E) measurements. The powders of Pb[(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) (1Àx) -(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) x ]O 3 , where x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 were prepared using the columbite-(wolframite) precursor method. The general trend seems to indicate that the annealed samples become more normal-ferroelectric-like behavior as opposed to the relaxor-ferroelectric-like behavior observed in the as-sintered state. The as-sintered 0.9PZT-0.1PZN ceramic exhibited weak relaxor-ferroelectric behavior, with a relatively low dielectric constant maximum of 14,000 measured at 1 kHz. Annealing resulted in a transition to normal-ferroelectric-like behavior, a shift in the dielectric maximum temperature from 360°C to 350°C, and a dramatic increase in the dielectric constant at 1 kHz to a maximum value of 35,000 for the longer anneal. After thermal annealing at 900°C for one week a strong enhancement of remanent polarization (P r ) was observed.
Dielectric characterization of microwave sintered lead zirconate titanate ceramics
Highly reactive lead zirconate titanate powders (PZT) with different compositions were successfully synthesized by the oxidant-peroxo method (OPM) and used to prepare dense ceramic samples with composition near to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) sintered at 1000 °C for 2 h using a tubular conventional oven and a commercial microwave system. Crystalline phases were identified in the powder and ceramic samples by X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The fractured surface of the ceramic sample showed a high degree of densification with fairly uniform grain sizes. Dielectric constants measured in the range from 30 to 500 °C at different frequencies (1, 10 and 100 kHz) indicated a normal ferroelectric behavior regardless of the sintering method. Samples sintered by a microwave radiation (MW) method and composition near to the MPB region showed a maximum dielectric constant of 17.911 and an anomalous high Curie temperature of 465 °C.
Journal of …, 2010
Nanocrystalline powders of the composition Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 were obtained by Mechanical alloying (high-energy ball milling). X-ray diffraction studies show that these compounds are completely into the perovskite phase. Detailed studies of electrical and mechanical properties of PZT as a function of temperature (and frequency) showed the high permittivity of 20653 at Curie transition temperature. Temperature variation of longitudinal modulus and internal friction of these ceramics at 104 kHz frequency were studied in the wide temperature range of 30 • C-420 • C. The internal friction measurements showed sharp stress induced relaxation peaks in the present composition corresponding to those temperatures where the minima were noticed in temperature variation of longitudinal modulus behavior. This dielectric and internal friction behaviour was explained in the light of polaron hopping mechanism and structural phase transitions in the present piezoelectric compositions.
Ceramics
In our previous work, we synthesized Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) ceramics by conventional and microwave sintering methods and studied their structural and electrical properties. We observed that the microwave sintered PZT ceramics show higher densification, fine and uniform grain size, higher dielectric constant, remnant polarization (Pr), and spontaneous polarization (Ps) in comparison to conventional sintered ones. In the present work, we studied the microstructure, phase formation, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the PZT ceramics synthesized by using Spark plasma Sintering (SPS) method. The SPS sintering temperature is lower (300 to 400 °C) than both conventional and microwave sintering methods. The dielectric constant at room temperature and at transition temperature shows higher values compared to the microwave and conventional sintering methods. This SPS sintering technique is currently attracting growing attention among productions engineers and materia...
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2018
Of all the piezoelectric ceramics, lead titanate (PbTiO 3) has an important place as an electromechanical transducer. In the present article PbTiO 3 synthesized by sol-gel technique and microwave processed is presented. The sintered PbTiO 3 is found to be of high density. The sintered PbTiO 3 crystal structure and crystallinity confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and sample weight loss and decomposition investigated by thermal analysis. Prepared PbTiO 3 functional groups confirmed by FT-IR spectrum and phase formation analyzed by Raman spectra. Sample spherical morphology confirmed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size found to be 77 nm from TEM. The variation of dielectric constant and ac conductivity with temperature and frequency of PbTiO 3 are investigated. The value of σ dc is found to be 1.767 × 10 −2 S/cm at transition temperature using the Nyquist plot. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop and piezoelectric coefficient d33 confirm the ferroelectric and piezoelectric nature of the PbTiO 3 (PT).
Structure–property relations of ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–(Bi3.25La0.75)Ti3O12 ceramics
Current Applied Physics, 2008
Ceramics with formula (1 À x)Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 -x(Bi 3.25 La 0.75 )Ti 3 O 12 (when x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0) were prepared by a solid-state mixed-oxide method and sintered at 1150°C for 4 h. All samples had densities at least 95% of theoretical values. Phase analysis using X-ray diffraction indicated the existence of BLT -as well as PZT -based solid solutions with corresponding lattice distortion. Scanning electron micrographs of ceramic surfaces showed a plate-like structure in BLT-rich phase while the typical grain structure was observed for PZT-rich phase. Ferroelectric measurements of these samples showed that addition of small amounts of BLT into PZT increased coercive field and remanent polarization to about 18 kV/cm and 12.5 lC/cm 2 , respectively. Further increasing the amount of BLT in PZT degraded the ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. This behavior was in agreement with their microstructures and dielectric properties.
Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2013
The perovskite Pb (1 À x) Ba x Zr 0.55 Ti 0.45 O 3 material (x ¼0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) was synthesized by solid state reaction route. Green bodies were sintered at 1250 1C. All samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and they were found to be in single phase. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Ferroelectric properties were studied as a function of temperature. Remnant polarization, saturation polarization and coercive field were determined for all the samples using ferroelectric loops. Piezoelectric properties such as d 33 and electromechanical coupling factor (k p) were also measured at room temperature for all samples.
Journal of Materials Science, 2008
Polycrystalline samples of Pb[(1x)(Zr 1/2 Ti 1/2 ) x(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )]O 3 , where x = 0.1-0.5 were prepared by the columbite and wolframite methods. The crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric properties of the sintered ceramics were investigated as a function of composition via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dielectric spectroscopy. The results indicated that the presence of Pb(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 (PZnTa) in the solid solution decreased the structural stability of overall perovskite phase. A transition from tetragonal to pseudo-cubic symmetry was observed as the PZnTa content increased and a co-existence of tetragonal and pseudo-cubic phases was observed at a composition close to x = 0.1. Examination of the dielectric spectra indicated that PZT-PZnTa exhibited an extremely high relative permittivity at the MPB composition. The permittivity showed a ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition at 330°C with a maximum value of 19,600 at 100 Hz at the MPB composition.
Defence Science Journal, 2013
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based ceramics attracted the technologists and researchers for sensor and actuator applications because of the excellent piezoelectric properties 1,2. Mechanical quality factor (Q m), dielectric loss factor (tan δ), dielectric constant (T K 3), piezoelectric charge coefficient (d 33), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g 33) are the important parameters which decide the suitability of the material for particular application. Materials with high Q m and low tan δ are suitable for ultrasonic and high frequency applications. Materials with higher T K 3 and d 33 are suitable for actuator applications like vibration and noise control, benders, optical positioning etc. 3,4. Materials with higher g 33 are useful for sensor applications 5. Particularly, materials with higher d 33 , g 33 and higher figure of merit (d 33 x g 33) are suitable for power harvesting applications since they offers higher power output 6-9. Incorporating the suitable dopant and optimising the process parameters, desired properties can be obtained. Sintering parameters viz. atmosphere, temperature, time and heating rate have significant effect on microstructure and thus on electromechanical properties of the final product 10,11. Dense microstructure with optimum grain size formed during sintering results in better dielectric and piezoelectric properties 12. In our earlier studies,effect of Zr/Ti ratio 13 and lanthanum concentration 14 on power harvesting properties of ferroelectric composition Pb(Ni 1/3 Sb 2/3)-(ZrTi)O 3 were investigated. In the present study, ferroelectric composition Pb 0.98 La 0.02 (NiSb) 0.05 [(Z r 0.52 Ti 0.48) 0.995 ] 0.95 O 3 14 was investigated for the effect of sintering time on the microstructure and electromechanical properties viz. Qm, kp, T K 3 d 33 , g 33 and figure of merit. Study was also aimed towards analysing the suitability of this composition for power harvesting applications and its comparison with PZT type 5A. 2. EXPERIMENTAL Lanthanum doped Pb(Ni 1/3 Sb 2/3)-(ZrTi)O 3 ferroelectric composition Pb 0.98 La 0.02 (NiSb) 0.05 [(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48) 0.995 ] 0.95 O 3 [La-PNS-PZT] was synthesised by mixed oxide route using the oxides of elements.Raw material powders NiO (97%, Acros), Sb 2 O 5 (99%, Loba Chemie), PbO (99.5%,Waldies Ltd., Kolkata), ZrO 2 (99.37%, Loba Chemie) and TiO 2 (98.5%, Travancore Titanium Products) were wet milled in pure water medium for 24 hours. Calcination was performed at 1060 °C followed by wet milling. Phase formation of the calcined powder was analysed from slow scanned X-ray diffraction pattern recorded from 42° to 58° by X-Ray diffractometer (Make-PANalytical, Model-X'pert pro). Powder was granuled using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. Discs of diameter 29 mm and 1.7 mm thickness were compacted using double ended die punch machine (Make-GMT) by maintaining green density near to 4.8 g/cc. Samples were sintered in lead rich environment at 1270 °C for 20 min, 40 min, 60 min, 80 min and 100 min. They were lapped to 1.2 mm thickness and electroded with silver paste, followed by poling. Microstructure of polished and chemically etched samples was studied using optical microscope. Capacitance (C at 1 kHz), resonance frequency (f r), anti