Suburbanisation in relation to education in the Tallinn metropolitan area (original) (raw)
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Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2013
Large scale suburbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon in East Central Europe and responsible for major socio-spatial changes in metropolitan areas. Little is known about the ethnic dimensions of this process. However, large minority population groups, mainly ethnic Russians, remained into the former member states of the Soviet Union after its dissolution in 1991. We use individual level Estonia Census data in order to investigate the ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation. The results show that ethnic minorities have a considerably lower probability to suburbanise compared to the majority population, and minorities are less likely to move to rural municipalities -the main sites of suburban change -in the suburban ring of cities. Individual characteristics that measure strong ties with the majority population and host society exert a positive effect on ethnic minority suburbanization, and on settling in rural municipalities. JEL Classification: J61, R21, R23
Ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation in Estonia
Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2013
Large-scale suburbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon in East Central Europe and is responsible for major socio-spatial changes in metropolitan areas. Little is known about the ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation, despite the existence of often sizeable Russian minority populations in some member-states of the former Soviet Union. We use individual-level Estonian census data from the year 2000 in order to investigate the ethnic dimensions of suburbanisation. The results show that ethnic minorities have a considerably lower probability of suburbanising compared to the majority population, and minorities are less likely to move to rural municipalities—the main sites of suburban change—in the suburban ring of cities.
Socio-economic residential differentiation in post-socialist Tallinn
Journal of Housing and The Built Environment, 2003
It is widely agreed that residentialdifferentiation has increased in Central andEastern European cities since the collapse ofcommunism. This article analyses the pattern ofsocio-economic residential differentiation inTallinn, the capital of Estonia, and shows thatby 1999 Tallinn's eight city districts had notyet been divided into rich or poor areas. Thepolarisation related to housing quality, asdiscovered within the more rapidly developingdistricts, suggests the development of pocketsof wealth and poverty within an otherwise mixedsocio-spatial structure. The article questionsthe straightforward connection often assumedbetween residential mobility and increasingresidential differentiation in post-socialistcities. The Tallinn case shows, first, thatmobility was low in the 1990s, and second, thatall changes of a place of residence –especially those made by middle-income groups –did not increase residentialdifferentiation.
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Environment and Planning A, 2005
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Suburbanisation and commuting modes in the Tallinn metropolitan area
The Sustainable City IV: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, 2006
ersiry olTat tu, Estonio \hstract '.LLhLIb.rnisalion is one of the most important f'eatures of spatial population h.inrc ir Estonia. The aim of this adicle is to analysc thc f'roccss ol' rhLnhNnisation and related changcs h comnNting modcs comparcd 10 thc latc .,frr pcriod ir the 'fallinn mctropolitan rca. Wc usc tbrcc dalascG in our t'rLl!: individual lcvcl 2000 ccnsus da1a, municipal planning documents and a ,rit)Lc suNcy. Thc rcsults of thc study indicatc thal most of th€ people who ,,,\.rl liom T. linn lo i1s suburban areas in tbe 1990s moved to pre{ransition f,,rLrl housing srock. llowever, ihe new houshg construction is playing an ,,,f,hi|lgly imporlant role in the suburbanisation process and in the course of "tr. rhc process has taken eformofuncontro′ledurbansprawlleadbythc!.r,,((lr,rlhcrthanthemasterplans,andbytheintcrestsofrerlcsta(cr.,()tnrrcnlcompanies.Besides,thcsprawlofhous;ngtothcfoDncrnatural.,,1.,rrieulturallandscapcshasconsidcrablyincrc.iscdlhccommulcrs,,′nlcrtlcnccco′nparedtothclatcSovictpcriod.Wltilcpubliclransportwas,l,,rninrntcomnutingmodcinthcSovictEstonia,lodaycar−based′i′irLrringclcrdydominatcs.∣"′atfull,1rhdnftation.urhansptn/,connutinsnode!,TainnIlIlrodt∣ction′lrncrnrndCcnt.alEuropcancount.icswihrcsscdrapidsuburbanisalion,′i′1rir:rjorcit;csirrthcposle form of uncontro'led urban sprawl lead by thc !.r,,((l r,rlhcr than the master plans, and by the intcrests of rerl csta(c r. \, ()tnrrcnl companies. Besides, thc sprawl of hous;ng to thc foDncr natural .,,1 .,rrieultural landscapcs has considcrably incrc.iscd lhc commulcrs ,, 'nlcrtlcncc co'npared to thc latc Sovict pcriod. Wltilc public lransport was ,l,,rninrnt comnuting modc in thc Sovict Estonia, loday car-based 'i'irLrring clcrdy dominatcs. | "'atfu ll,1rhdnftation. urhan sptn/, connutins node!, Ta inn I lIlrodt|ction ' \ lrncrn rnd Ccnt.al Europcan count.ics wihrcsscd rapid suburbanisalion ,'i'1 rir:rjor cit;cs irr thc posl eformofuncontro′ledurbansprawlleadbythc!.r,,((lr,rlhcrthanthemasterplans,andbytheintcrestsofrerlcsta(cr.,()tnrrcnlcompanies.Besides,thcsprawlofhous;ngtothcfoDncrnatural.,,1.,rrieulturallandscapcshasconsidcrablyincrc.iscdlhccommulcrs,,′nlcrtlcnccco′nparedtothclatcSovictpcriod.Wltilcpubliclransportwas,l,,rninrntcomnutingmodcinthcSovictEstonia,lodaycar−based′i′irLrringclcrdydominatcs.∣"′atfull,1rhdnftation.urhansptn/,connutinsnode!,TainnIlIlrodt∣ction′lrncrnrndCcnt.alEuropcancount.icswihrcsscdrapidsuburbanisalion,′i′1rir:rjorcit;csirrthcposlcialist pcriod-In Eslonia, thc incrcasc in the ,,1dr Jlom Lhc cilics to thcir s(rounding arcas took placc as well in the "r. I I ifld lh. proccss hds rccclcrrlcd rcmrrkably sincc the second halfofthe 4. | |c .inr ol lhis rnielc is lo r nlysc thc trcnds in suburbanisation, spatial
Types of Spatial Mobility and the Ethnic Context of Destination Neighbourhoods in Estonia
Most studies of the ethnic composition of destination neighbourhoods after residential moves do not take into account the types of moves people have made. However, from an individual perspective, different types of moves may result in neighbourhood environments that differ in terms of their ethnic composition from those in which individuals previously lived. We investigate how the ethnic residential context changes for individuals as a result of different types of mobility (immobility, intra-urban mobility, suburbanisation, and long-distance migration) for residents of the segregated post-Soviet city of Tallinn. We compare the extent to which Estonian-and Russian-speakers integrate in residential terms. Using unique longitudinal Census data (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) we tracked changes in the individual ethnic residential context of both groups. We found that the moving destinations of Estonian-and Russianspeakers diverge. When Estonians move, their new neighbourhood generally possesses a lower percentage of Russian-speakers compared with when Russian-speakers move, as well as compared with their previous neighbourhoods. For Russian-speakers, the percentage of other Russian-speakers in their residential surroundings decreases only for those who move to the surburbs or who move over longer distances to rural villages. By applying a novel approach of tracking the changes in the ethnic residential context of individuals for all mobility types, we were able to demonstrate that the two largest ethnolinguistic groups in Estonia tend to behave as 'parallel populations' and that residential integration in Estonia is therefore slow.
Cities
The prevailing research into suburbanisation in former centrally planned countries explains suburban change by referring to macro-level factors that are evident in the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. Findings show that in a neo-liberal environment, the public sector plays only a modest role in residential planning; the key players are developers and banks. This study takes a different approach by focusing on the micro-level factors that lead households to move from the city to new, post-Soviet suburban settlements, specifically in the Tallinn urban region of Estonia. A sample of data from the University of Tartu’s 2006 New Residential Areas Survey is herein analysed in order to ascertain the reasons for moving, the criteria used in the selection of a particular suburban settlement, and the subsequent levels of residential satisfaction. The results show that, for the period in question, housing adjustment moves were more prevalent than induced moves triggered by life-course changes. In addition, it was found that, generally, new suburbanites were satisfied with their housing and neighbourhoods. However, they were less satisfied with the provision of local services, especially when their new settlements lay at a distance from pre-transition settlements.► Individual residential preference is an important factor in household moves in post-Soviet city regions. ► Moves to new suburban areas are mainly a result of housing adjustment rather than being induced by life-course events. ► Infrastructure and proximity to the city centre are the principal factors considered when choosing a new residential area. ► New suburbanites are well satisfied with their housing conditions and residential environment. ► They are mainly concerned about local infrastructure, particularly that associated with social activity and public transport.