Effect of Drought on the Yields of Different Cowpea Cultivars and Their Response to Time of Planting in Kano State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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ISRN Agronomy, 2014
Field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11°47.840′N; 13°12.021′E; elevation 319 m asl), in Borno State in semiarid zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the physiological traits associated with high grain yield in the semiarid zone of Nigeria. The trial consisted of eight treatments, which included two local varieties, namely,Kannanado WhiteandBorno Brownand six improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-568-18, IT89KD-288, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-391. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The gross plot size was 5.0 m × 4.0 m (20 m2) while the net plot size was 3.6 m × 3.0 m (10.8 m2). The results showed that the improved varieties, namely, IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2, and IT89KD-28...
Cowpea, is the most leguminous cultivated in the Municipality of Lokossa as a source of protein and significant energy for populations. This study is aimed to analyse impacts of rainfall variability on the cultivation of Cowpea in this municipality. So the methodology is essentially based on documentary research and field work based on the purposive sampling method taking into account 235 farmers. The ten-day, monthly and annual data of 1981-2011 and rainfall agricultural statistics of 1995-2011 were used in order to analyze the agro-climatic conditions, the Franquin climate balance, and also the water balance of the Cowpea cultivation to verify the critical phases of this culture. The analysis of data shows that the period (1981-2010) dry season are becoming more important than wet season. Indeed, the water needs are not sufficient throughout cowpeas 'cycle during the years considered. In 1981, apart from the flowering period where the availability exceeds of 1.73 mm with a quite lack of rain in the lifting period, the other phases of development of cowpeas were submitted to deficit water. In the light of these various comments, the cropping strategies developed by farmers are the adoption of new varieties of crops with short cycle (80%), the association of cultures (20 %), the redevelopment of the agricultural calendar (90%), cultures of off-season (3%), rituals to exorcise the evil spells to improve agricultural production.
International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 2014
Field trials were conducted at Damboa (11o10.736'N; 12 o47.100'E; elevation 398 m asl) on the trial site of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Borno State in Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the agronomic performances of some improved cowpea varieties and to identify the physiological traits associated with high grain yield in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. The trial consisted of eight treatment included two local varieties viz: Kannanado White Brown obtained from farmers in Damboa, Borno State and six improved varieties viz: IT90K-277 IT89KD-288, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-131-2 and IT89KD obtained from IITA stations in Kano and Maiduguri, Nigeria. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. The gross plot size was 5.0 m x 4.0 m (20 m 2) while the net plot size was 3.6 m x 3.0 m (10.8 m 2). The results showed that improved varieties IT90K-277-2, IT97K-499 131-2 had significantly higher grain yield per hectare, harvest index and matured earlier to escape drought in this agro-ecological zone. The results also show that cowpea grain yield was positively correlated with harvest index, shell weight and grain yield per plant. Conversely, the results indicated that cowpea grain yield was significantly negatively correlated with number of days to first and 50% flowering, fodder yield, 100-grain weight, numb physiological maturity and pod development period.
Field Assessment of Cowpea Genotypes for Drought Tolerance
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2016
Drought is one the most damageable constraints to crop production impacting negatively food security. The potential of cowpea to address food security is well established. However, drought due to limited rainfall is causing important yield losses. This study was conducted to assess cowpea genotypes for variability to drought tolerance at Saria Research Station, Burkina Faso, in 2012. Fifty cowpea genotypes were grown under drought stressed and non-stressed conditions.
2018
Pulses have been recognized as a major source of vegetable protein with needed minerals and vitamins. They play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Among pulses, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is most important legume crop in Asia, Africa, Australia and U.S.A. Water stress is the most common adverse situation which affects the production of agricultural crops all over the world. Konkan region of Maharashtra represents a typical contrasting situation of ample availability of water through assured and heavy monsoon rainfall (average 3,500 mm) occurring rigidly only during June to October on one hand and everincreasing terminal water stress caused by a high infiltration rate (4.4 cm/hr), poor water holding capacity (27.15 to 30.30 per cent at field capacity and 16.60 to 18.10 per cent at P.W.P. (Dongale et al., 1987) on the other hand.
Cowpea Yield Under Water Stress Scenarios
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências
Cowpea is considered a subsistence crop, so it is generally cultivated by family farming in the rainy season and, outside this season, with the aid of irrigation. Its yield is reduced if there is water stress due to the lack of rainfall or irrigation water. Objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water stress in the rainy and dry seasons on grain yield, biomass, harvest index and water use efficiency in the ‘Costela de Vaca’ cowpea variety cultivated in no-tillage system using crop residues present in the experimental area. Experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme (cropping season x water stress), with four replicates. Treatments consisted of two cropping seasons (rainy and dry) and five forms of water stress (without water stress, water suspension for 5, 10 and 15 days, and rainfed cultivation). Biomass was the only parameter influenced by the cropping season versus water stress interaction. Regardless of the cowpea cropping seas...
Agricultural Sciences, 2019
Cowpea is multipurpose, leguminous, high protein crop in the tropics that provides food for humans and fodder for animals. The crop adds nitrogen and other nutrients to the soil through symbiotic relationship with rhizobia and direct decomposition of cowpea by-products. Despite its multiple benefits for humankind, the yield of cowpea is far below its potential and its production in the crop's birthplace of Africa is especially affected by abiotic factors. Soil moisture deficit is one of the main abiotic factors that affect the yield of cowpea in the semi-arid tropics, including the Sahelian and Guinea Savannah regions in West Africa. Even though cowpea is a drought tolerant legume, different genotypes respond differently to drought, resulting in up to 100% or more yield increases in the case of resistant genotypes or 50% or more yield loss in case of susceptible types. Mitigating the effect of soil moisture deficit on cowpea production requires selection of genotypes that can withstand drought. With this in mind, the goal of this study was to identify drought tolerant cowpea germplasm for the Savannah region of Northern Ghana using cultivated genotypes from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) tested with and without irrigation at the Bontanga irrigation facility during the dry season in 2018. Fifty genotypes were used, which included 45 imported from USDA and five (5) local genotypes from the Savannah Agriculture Research Institute (SARI). The experiment had 2 × 50 factorial treatments (irrigation × genotypes) and consisted of randomized complete block design with three (3) replications per treatment. Two (2) watering regimes were introduced namely, drought stressed (no irrigation) and non-stressed/control (irrigated). Morpho-physiological, phenological and yield data were taken on the cowpeas evaluated with drought tolerance as-How to cite this paper: Yahaya, D., Denwar, N. and Blair, M.W. (2019) Effects of Moisture Deficit on the Yield of Cowpea Genotypes in the Guinea Savannah of
YIELD RESPONSE OF COWPEA VARIETIES TO SOWING DATES IN A SUDAN SAVANNAH AGROECOLOGY OF NIGERIA
In the Sudan savannah of Nigeria, sowing date of cowpea is an important production constraint due to erratic rainfall at the beginning and towards the end of the rainy season when temperatures are high. Field trials were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Minjibir (lat 12 o 08'N, long 08 o 32'E, elevation 508 m above sea level) in Sudan savannah of Nigeria, to determine the appropriate date of sowing of some recently developed cowpea varieties. Split-plot design was used with three replications. Sowing dates (10 July, 17 July, 24 July and 31 July) were assigned to main-plots and cowpea varieties (IT98K-205, IT97K-499-35, IT98K-573-2-1, IT89KD-288 and IT99K-241-2) were assigned to sub-plots. The results showed significant differences among cowpea varieties for yield and yield components. Sowing date significantly affected the performance of the five-cowpea varieties. Interaction between sowing date and variety was not significant for grain yield, suggesting that the varieties responded similarly to sowing date. Cowpea sown on 31 July produced significantly higher number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield compared with other sowing dates. Increase in grain yield for a sowing date relative to 10 July sowing was 26, 77 and 106% for 17, 24 and 31 July sowing, respectively. The medium maturing variety IT98K-573-2-1 significantly produced the highest number of pods, number of seeds and grain yield at all sowing dates. Based on these findings, for obtaining optimum yield, cowpea varieties should be sown at the end of July while for maximum yield, medium maturing cowpea varieties such as IT98K-573-2-1 are recommended.