200 and 300 MeV/nucleon nuclear reactions responsible for single-event effects in microelectronics (original) (raw)
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A detector system for studying nuclear reactions relevant to Single Event Effects
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2007
ABSTRACT We describe a device to study reactions relevant for the Single Event Effect (SEE) in microelectronics by means of 200 A and 300 A MeV, inverse kinematics, Si+H and Si+D reactions. The work is focused on the possibility to measure Z=2–14 projectile fragments as efficiently as possible. During commissioning and first experiments the fourth quadrant of the CELSIUS storage ring acted as a spectrometer to register fragments in two planes of Si strip detectors in the angular region 0∘–0.6∘. A combination of ring-structured and sector-structured Si strip detector planes operated at angles 0.6∘–1.1∘. For specific event tagging a Si+ phoswich scintillator wall operated in the range 3.9∘–11.7∘ and Si ΔE–E telescopes of CHICSi type operated at large angles.
A measurement of the ionization efficiency of nuclear recoils in silicon
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We have measured the ionization efficiency of silicon nuclear recoils with kinetic energy between 1.8 and 20 keV. We bombarded a silicon-drift diode with a neutron beam to perform an elastic-scattering experiment. A broad-energy neutron spectrum was used and the nuclear recoil energy was reconstructed using a measurement of the time of flight and scattering angle of the scattered neutron. The overall trend of the results of this work is well described by the theory of Lindhard et al. above 4 keV of recoil energy. Below this energy, the presented data shows a deviation from the model. The data indicates a faster drop than the theory prediction at low energies.
Ionization efficiency for nuclear recoils in silicon from about 50 eV to 3 MeV
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We perform a calculation of the nuclear recoil ionization efficiency in silicon using an improved version of Lindhard's theory, in which atomic bond breaking is modeled as a function of the initial ionic energy, the interatomic potential, and the average energy for ion-vacancy pair production. Better descriptions of the effects due to electronic stopping and straggling, charge screening, and Coulomb repulsion between ions are also incorporated. Our model provides a good description of the available data over nearly four orders of magnitude of nuclear recoil energy.
Towards a better understanding of dynamics in nuclear reactions below 100 MeV/nucleon
Features of emitted charged particles in heavy ion reactions have been stu died in the framework of the semi-classical Landau-Vlasov approach for the light system Ar + Al at 65 MeV/nucleon incident energy. Most of the recent experi mental results suggest the binary nature of the reaction mechanism over a large impact parameter range. We draw the same conclusion from our simulation. Con trary to the expectations that at these energies a mechanism reminiscent of low energy deep-inelastic reaction could create two very excited sources (the primary quasiprojectile and quasitarget), the model calculation shows that this reaction mechanism is closely connected to the participant-spectator picture. In such sce nario, the primary quasiprojectile and quasitarget can be identified as not very hot spectators. This stems from an abundant dynamical (participant) emission cen tered at mid-rapidity but covering all the rapidity range accessible to the collision and coming from the overlapping, i.e. participant zone of both incoming nuclei. Owing to Coulomb interaction with the quasiprojectile and the quasitarget, these participant particles behave as evaporated particles. From an experimental point of view, it is thus a real challenge to disentangle between dynamical and thermo dynamical components.
Nuclear Physics A, 1990
Charged particles and fragments emitted in reactions between 40Ar at energies ranging from 25 to 85 MeV/u and an 27A1 target have been detected in a geometry close to 4~ in the center of mass with the 4~ array MUR + TONNEAU. A new global variable, the average parallel velocity, has been used to sort the events as a function of the impact parameter value. The multiplicity of particles emitted from the interaction region increases strongly when the impact parameter value decreases, and reaches 7 in head-on reactions. The flow of these particles is attributed to scattering at negative angles. When the energy increases, compression gradually opposes this negative scattering, until the flow fails to zero. This is obtained at a beam energy in the range 70-80 MeV/u for impact parameters below 2 fm and increases with the impact parameter.This study as a function of the impact parameter and the energy should allow information both on the nucleon-nucleon cross section in medium and the EOS of nuclear matter to be obtained. In central reactions, incomplete fusion nuclei are formed at all incident energies. Their excitation energy increases with the incident energy. Above 36 MeV/u no heavy residue is left, the multiplicity of final products increases as well as the emission probability of several heavy fragments.
Recoil properties of fragments formed in 4.4 GeV deuteron-induced reactions on a gold target
Physical Review C, 2014
The recoil properties of fragments produced by the interaction of 4.4 GeV deuterons with a 197 Au target have been studied. New experimental data on recoil properties for 90 nuclei, varying from 24 Na to 198 Au, were obtained. The technique applied was the thick-target thick-catcher and induced activity method. The deuteron beam was obtained from the Nuclotron of the Laboratory of High Energies (LHE), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna. The experimental data were analyzed on the basis of the standard two-step vector model formalism. From the analysis of the reaction investigated here, we could find evidence that the cooling process of excited nuclei can be due to the coexistence of different decay modes such as evaporation, fission, and (multi)fragmentation. Fission and multifragmentation can contribute appreciably to the formation of products in the intermediate mass range. The kinematic characteristics of residual nuclei formed in the present deuteron-induced reaction have been compared to those from proton-induced reactions with gold target.
Investigating the intra-nuclear cascade process using the reaction 136 Xe on deuterium at 500 AMeV
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2010
More than 600 residual nuclei, formed in the spallation of 136 Xe projectiles impinging on deuterium at 500 AMeV of incident energy, have been unambiguously identified and their production cross sections have been determined with high accuracy. By comparing these data to others previously measured for the reactions 136 Xe + p at 1 AGeV and 136 Xe + p at 500 AMeV we investigated the role that neutrons play in peripheral collisions and to understand the energy dissipation in frontal collisions in spallation reactions.