Russian Eurasianism. An Ideology of Empire, Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Press/Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, paperback 2011. (original) (raw)
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The book explores the concept of Eurasianism in Russia from its origins to the present day, analyzing its intellectual roots, transformations, and political implications. It delineates the evolution from interwar Eurasianism through Neo-Eurasianist movements, addressing key figures like Lev Gumilev and Aleksandr Dugin, and examines the rise of Islamic influences within Eurasianism. Through various chapters, the work aims to articulate the multidimensional nature of Eurasianism, its role in Russian identity politics, and the broader cultural and geopolitical narratives surrounding this ideology.
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Eurasianism, as its name indicates, refers to the term “Eurasia” that literally means Europe plus Asia. In relation to such a meaning, the main geographical reference point is the territory of Russia and, according to N. S. Trubetskoy, “The territory of Russia . . . constitutes a separate continent . . . which in contrast to Europe and Asia can be called Eurasia . . . Eurasia represents an integral whole, both geographically and anthropologically”. Furthermore, this separate continent was a self-contained geographical entity whose boundaries coincided roughly with those of the Russian Empire in 1914. This way of thinking is called Classical Eurasianism and, by the 1930s, losing all of its ideological forefathers and eminent figures caused this Eurasianism ideology to die down until Lev N. Gumilev led similar ideas and a new kind of Eurasianism ideology around the 1980s. Hence, it was the milestone that gave rise to this revised approach being named Neo-Eurasianism. Gumilev brought the Eurasianist ideas to light and prepared an intellectual background for them. Shortly after his death, the new and dedicated supporters of Neo-Eurasianism became Alexander S. Panarin and Alexander G. Dugin. Panarin was a well-known theorist and the Chair of Political Science at the Department of Philosophy in Moscow State University.
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Russia’s intellectual circles have spent a significant amount of time determining Russia’s place in the world. Particularly, these investigations reached their peak during the cataclysmic times of the Russian Revolution, World War I, the collapse of the USSR (The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), etc. Both Classical Eurasianism and Neo-Eurasianism came out in such times as a conclusion to seeking a historical, geopolitical and cultural identity along with other nationalist movements.
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