Geometric models of atomic nuclei (original) (raw)
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Geometric Model for Nuclear Structure 2
A model for nuclear structure is presented. With the model, we are able to compute J and parity, and it predicts (postdicts) these correctly for all isotopes. Also proved is that neutrons fill in the extra dimensions. It is also explained why the orbitals of the Shell Model has the k/2 (k an odd Natural Number) subscript that they have - something left unexplained by the Shell Model. The model explains the magic numbers for nuclei. B(5, 5) is shown to be exceptional and it is predicted it will behave like Li(3, 4). So is Fe(26, 31): it is predicted to act chemically like Cr(24, 29) except where mass enters the equation. Also: Co(27, 32) will act chemically like Fe(26, 28) except when mass comes into play. No coincidence that they share similar magnetic properties. It is a fact that Co was found together with Fe in the meteoric iron of Tuthankamen's dagger. It is seen that nucleons sometimes do not fill only the lowest energy orbitals. We compute the spin speed of H-1 using the experimentally obtained charge radius of the proton and use the speed to find a minimum radius for Li(3, 3) and use the Li(3, 3) radius to compute the radius of Li(3, 4) as 2*r_Li(3, 3) and test this value against the one obtained from L = mvr. The values are in fair agreement (they differ by 7 in the most significant digits). We can see people using our pictures to compute other values like quadrupole moments and binding energies. Our pictures show why the nuclear magnetic moment of Li(3 ,4) is larger than that of Li(3, 3).
A Molecular-Orbital Model of the Atomic Nuclei
Progress of Theoretical Physics, 1973
A new nuclear model is proposed that describes the cluster and the shell structures unifiedly. By the present model one can investigate characteristics of one-particle orbitals in clustering states and also polarizations of constituent clusters. The model has its base on the Hartree-Fock (H.F.) approximation for nuclear intrinsic states. The basis wave functions used in the present H.F. calculations are constructed from single-particle wave functions around each "cluster center", which can well describe possible large eccentric nuclear deformations in light nuclei. The model is analogous to the LCAO-MO-SCF method in the molecular physics. Numerical calculations are performed using an effective twonucleon force (Volkov No. 1) for the ground states of 8B e and 12 C nuclei, and interesting results are obtained about the stability of a-cluster structures. Polarizations are smallest at the equilibrium distance between a-clusters, determined by Brink's a-particle model. An artificial collapse or an extreme decomposition of the a-cluster structures brings about large polarizations. By those polarizations of constituent a-clusters themselves, the a-cluster structure recovers their density distributions. Comparisons of the results are made with those of two-center shell model, usual H. F. calculation and a-particle model. § I. Introduction Molecular viewpoints in nuclear structure were first introduced by Wheeler m 1937. 8 l He studied the usefulness and the limitations of the concept of molecular structure in the atomic nuclei; the division of the constituent particles into more or less well-defined groups. Furthermore he made qualitative discussions on the excitation modes associated with molecular structure and also proposed the method of the resonating groups as the mathematical description. Following him, simple analyses with a-particle model were applied to self-conjugated 4n nuclei. 4 l After about two decades Wildermuth and Kanellopoulos 5 l proposed a cluster model, making a careful reference to the oscillator shell model and performed a number of variational calculations. Smirnov et al. 6 l investigated physical properties of cluster wave functions, the extent of isolation of a-clusters, etc. By the resonating group method a-a scattering phase shifts were very well reproduced and the validity of effective a-a potentials was shown. 7 l Based on this result, an a-particle model of 9 Be nucleus was studied dynamically by Shimodaya *> The preliminary results were reported at the International Conference on Clustering Phenomena in Nuclei,ll Bochum, Germany, 1969 and also published in the Progress of Theoretical Physics.s>
The purpose of the following study is to build up a nucleus model – based on the symmetries of atomic shell – where the density of nucleons is constant. And which gives enough space for zero point quantum motion in a way that the collision of identical particles is excluded. Electrons flowing as superfluids in supraconductive crystals are suitable analogies. Its condition, the most symmetric cubic lattice can be realized by the strict self-organization and harmonized movement of nucleons. Continuing with the process, we will arrive at the magic numbers, the shell structure of nuclei, which logically derive from the above mentioned symmetry. We get a clear explanation of the role classical spin plays in nuclear physics, and a simple method to describe nuclear spin. Binding energies of certain nuclei can be calculated with proper approach.
Atlas of Atomic Nuclear Structures According to the Basic Structures of Matter Theory
The Atlas of Atomic Nuclear Structures (ANS) is one of the major output results of the Basic Structures of Matter (BSM) theory, based on an alternative concept of the physical vacuum. The atlas of ANS contains drawings illustrating the structure of the elementary particles and the atomic nuclei. While the physical structures of the elementary particles obtained by analysis according to the BSM theory exhibit the same interaction energies as the Quantum Mechanical models, they allow unveiling the spatial configurations of the atomic nuclei, atoms and molecules. The unveiled structural features appear useful for a theoretical structural analysis and modeling of chemical compounds. In such aspect the proposed models could find applications in different fields, such as the inorganic and organic chemistry, the nanotechnology and the biomolecules. Abstract The Atlas of Atomic Nuclear Structures (ANS) is one of the major output results of the Basic Structures of Matter (BSM) theory, based ...
Anatomy of nuclear matter fundamentals
The bridge between finite and infinite nuclear system is analyzed for the fundamental quantities like binding energy, density, compressibility, giant monopole excitation energy and effective mass of both nuclear matter and finite nuclei systems. It is shown quantitatively that by knowing one of the fundamental property of one system one can estimate the same in its counter part, only approximately.
Atomic Nuclei Modelled Without Magic Particles
2018
Atomic nuclei are normally drawn as a combination of protons and neutrons grouped together as close as possible. Given the enormous repulsive force between two protons such a configuration cannot represent reality. Quantum physics pretends to solve this problem by means of quarks, held together by gluons. This article presents a model without such particles and forces.
Perspective of Nuclear Structure
The perspective of nuclear structure throughout the nuclear landscape, regions of structural transition have provided a sensitive structure. In this paper, some aspects of collectivity means of testing our understanding of nuclear and deformation in nuclear structure are presented, using both theoretical and experimental methods.
Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics
2012
Use in any way except education purpose is prohibited. Every student may print out no more than one copy for personal use. 11. Nuclear physics 11.1. Internal structure of an atomic nucleus All nuclei (besides the ordinary hydrogen nucleus which is a single proton) are composed of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. Some of the properties of nuclei, such as their charge, structure and composition, radius and symbols are shown by the following scheme: Symbols of nucleus X : Nucleons proton 1p 1 number of protons Z Q=Z|e| neutron 0n 1 number of neutrons N (charge) ZX A radius 10-15 m A-atomic mass