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In this study, the role of citral to permeabilize the spores of Aspergillus niger and replace sodium azide in the bioconversion medium was studied. Further, characterization of glucose oxidase of spores was carried out by exposing both permeabilized and unpermeabilized spores to different pressures (1, 2, 2.7 kb) and temperatures (60, 70, 80, 90°C). Unpermeabilized spores after exposure to high temperatures were permeabilized by freezing before using as catalyst in the bioconversion reaction. Results showed that citral permeabilized the spores and could inhibit spore germination in the bioconversion medium. Rate of reaction was significantly increased from 1.5 to 4.35 g/ L h which was higher than the commercial glucose oxidase 2 g/L h). Glucose oxidase activity of A. niger was resistant to pressure. However, pressure treatment could not permeabilize them. Behaviour of fresh and permeabilized spores to temperature varied significantly. Glucose oxidase activity of fresh spores exposed to high temperature was unaffected at 70°C till 15 min and 84% of relative activity was retained even after 1 h at 70°C while permeabilized spore got inactivated at 70°C for 15 min, which followed the same pattern as commercial glucose oxidase. Cellular membrane integrity was lost due to permeabilization by freezing which resulted in heat-inactivation of glucose oxidase when spores were permeabilized before heat treatment. Thus, glucose oxidase of spore remains heat stable when unpermeabilized and active while permeabilized and its reaction rate is higher than the commercial glucose oxidase.
BiOr_2010 (c.r. Pintaudi 2008).pdf
Compte rendu de Rosario Pintaudi (éd.), Antinoupolis I. Scavi e materiali, Florence, Istituto “G. Vitelli” (2008), dans Bibliotheca Orientalis LXVII n°3-4 (mai-août 2010), p. 338-343
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Medium-sized single crystals with perfect habits and no defect producing intense and well-resolved diffraction patterns are the dream of every protein crystallographer. Crystals of biological macromolecules possessing these characteristics can be prepared within a medium in which mass transport is restricted to diffusion. Chemical gels (like polysiloxane) and physical gels (such as agarose) provide such an environment and are therefore suitable for the crystallisation of biological macromolecules. Instructions for the preparation of each type of gel are given to urge crystal growers to apply diffusive media for enhancing crystallographic quality of their crystals. Examples of quality enhancement achieved with silica and agarose gels are given. Results obtained with other substances forming gel-like media (such as lipidic phases and cellulose derivatives) are presented. Finally, the use of gels in combination with capillary tubes for counter-diffusion experiments is discussed. Methods and techniques implemented with proteins can also be applied to nucleic acids and nucleoprotein assemblies such as viruses.
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng DOI 10.1007/s00449-014-1223-4 ORIGINAL PAPER
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and its cathode performances were compared with use of carbon fiber brush and plain carbon paper cathode electrodes in algae aeration. The MFC having carbon fiber brush cathode exhibited a voltage of 0.21 ± 0.01 V (1,000 X) with a cathode potential of around -0.14 ± 0.01 V in algal aeration, whereas MFC with plain carbon paper cathode resulted in a voltage of 0.06 ± 0.005 V with a cathode potential of -0.39 ± 0.01 V. During polarizations, MFC equipped with carbon fiber brush cathode showed a maximum power density of 30 mW/m 2 , whereas the MFC equipped with plain carbon paper showed a power density of 4.6 mW/m 2 . In algae aeration, the internal resistance with carbon fiber brush cathode was 804 X and with plain carbon paper it was 1,210 X. The peak currents of MFC operation with carbon fiber brush and plain carbon paper cathodes were -31 mA and -850 lA, respectively.
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