THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON RAINFALL IN GOKWE REGION, ZIMBABWE: A FACTORIAL DESIGN PERSPECTIVE (original) (raw)

The Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Rainfall in Warri Metropolis

The Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity on Rainfall in Warri Metropolis

Climate change has led to changes in the known patterns of rainfall and other climatic variables. The study examined rainfall characteristics in Warri metropolis for the past 10 years (2009-2018) and to understand how variability in temperature and relative-humidity affects the intensity of rainfall in the study area. The date employed for this study was obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, NIMET Warri station. We employed Factorial design to study the trends in the temperature, relative humidity and rainfall within Warri Metropolis and to understand the effects of temperature and relative humidity on rainfall. The results obtained from this study shows that change in temperature affects the intensity of rainfall received in Warri metropolis. Our study also clearly shows that rainfall was at its peak when temperature was at its highest. Additionally, variations in relative humidity also have a significant effect on the intensity of rainfall, and rainfall is also maximized when relative humidity is at its peak. However, the interaction of temperature and relative humidity appears to have no significant effect on the amount of rainfall. It is our hope that the results obtained will assist in providing appropriate remedy to mitigating weather induced environmental hazards, thereby improving agriculture, efficient economic productivity and advance scientific research in the study area.

Investigating possible changes of extreme annual rainfall in Zimbabwe

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2008

There is increasing concern about the perceived decline in rainfall which is sometimes attributed to global warming. Some studies have concluded that average rainfall in Zimbabwe has declined by 10% or 100 mm/yr during the last 100 yrs. This paper investigates the validity of the assumption that rainfall is declining in Zimbabwe. Time series HESSD 5Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion arising from increasing water demand, and variability of available water resources. Abstract 5

Investigating changes over time of annual rainfall in Zimbabwe

2010

There is increasing concern in southern Africa about the possible decline of rainfall as a result of global warming. Some studies concluded that average rainfall in Zimbabwe had declined by 10% or 100 mm during the last 100 years. This paper investigates the validity of the assumption that rainfall is declining in Zimbabwe. Time series of annual rainfall, and total rainfall for (a) the early part of the rainy season, October-November-December (OND), and (b) the mid to end of the rainy season, January-February-March (JFM) are analysed for the presence of trends using the Mann-Kendall test, and for the decline or increase during years with either high or low rainfall using quantile regression analysis. The Pettitt test has also been utilized to examine the possible existence of change or break-points in the rainfall time series. The analysis has been done for 40 rainfall stations with records starting during the 1892-1940 period and ending in 2000, and representative of all the rainfall regions.

Assessing the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall over the Southern region Of Malawi

2014

An understanding of temporal and spatial characteristics of rainfall is central to resources planning and management especially with evidences of climate change and variability. There are strong indications that rainfall changes are already taking place on the local, regional and global scales associated with global warming. The main objective of the project was to assess rainfall characteristics over the Southern Region of Malawi. In order to achieve the objectives, the rainfall data was subjected to various analyses including quality control. Forty-two years of daily rainfall data (1971-2012) from 9 stations within the region was analysed inorder to observe the characteristics of rainfall such as the onset and cessation, rain days, seasonal, annual, spatial and temporal rainfall distribution. The core methodology used in analysis of rainfall trends and variability was the time series analysis, single mass curve and spatial analysis for rainfall distribution. Other tools used were surfer application for spatial rainfall analysis and Instat climatic statistical application for determination of onset, cessation and length of growing season. In Malawi, agricultural and electricity generation productions largely depends on rain. The rainfall pattern in the area is highly variable and is associated with extreme events which cause flooding in certain areas of the region. Flooding has led to loss of property and infrastructure and to a higher extent has led to food insecurity over the region. These occurrences have negative effects on the country's economy. The results of this study have shown that there are decreasing trends in rainfall data but they are not though insignificant. The results have also shown that the rainfall in the area is variable and has varying onset and cessation dates. The growing season has also been reduced due to the decreased number of rain days that are being experienced over the region hence the need for effective planning and proper resource management inoder to realize positive productivity with the available rain.

An Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics in Machakos County, Kenya

IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology

Rain-fed agriculture accounts for about 60% of global and 90% for Sub-Saharan African (SSA) staple food production. Over 80% of the population in SSA depends on rain-fed agriculture as their livelihood source. Rainfall performance is therefore crucial in socioeconomic development of the agri-based economies. This study sought to analyze rainfall characteristics in Machakos County, Kenya where the inhabitants are largely agriculturalists. Rainfall data was obtained from KARI Katumani and Mutisya Mango Farm rainfall stations and analyzed using various climatological statistics. Rainfall was of moderate distribution being concentrated in approximately 75% of the years/seasons. Normal and wet conditions dominated the climate with droughts occurring once in every 4 years. Drought frequency was higher during the long (March, April and May) and the short (October, November and December) rains occurring once in every 3 years, causing food insecurity in the County. Negative rainfall trend and higher rainfall variability in Mutisya Mango Farm stations made rainfall less dependable compared to KARI Katumani which had lower rainfall variations. It was therefore easy to use the rainfall mean to predict rainfall performance and to plan agricultural activities in KARI Katumani. Variation in rainfall amount during the wet and normal climatic conditions was identified as the key rainfall parameter influencing rain-fed agriculture activities in Machakos County.

Seasonal Differences in Rainfall Distribution Within the Bawku Area in the Savanna Belt of Ghana

Ghana Journal of Geography, 2023

Empirical evidence suggests that temperatures are continuously rising in the savannah areas of Ghana and impacting negatively on residents' livelihood activities. However, there is paucity of information on the wet and dry seasons' rate of wetness or dryness in the driest belt of Ghana. Meanwhile, residents of the area are mainly rained agriculturalists. We employed gauge station rainfall and temperature data from Ghana Meteorological Agency to assess the seasonal rainfall characteristics of the Bawku area using XLSTAT and DrinC software. Results from the rainfall anomalies show persistent dryness (-0.017) in the area during the dry season and continuous wetness in the wet season (0.021). Evapotranspiration was consistently higher in the dry season at a rate of 2.6% (0.26) yearly as well as a high rate of aridity [AI] (0.00≤AI≤0.09) in the dry season and low aridity (0.56 ≤AI ≤1.13) during the wet season. Following the reduction in the amount of rainfall, we can conclude that Bawku area is continuously drying amidst the changing climate. It is recommended that the ministry of agriculture should prioritise the construction of mechanised dams or wells and expand irrigation projects in the area to reduce the climate change effects on the livelihood of the residents especially in the dry season.

An Assessment of Trends of Monthly Contributions to Seasonal Rainfall in South-Eastern Zimbabwe

American Journal of Climate Change, 2014

Trends in the proportional contribution to the seasonal rainfall of each month were analyzed for the meteorological stations of Buffalo Range, Masvingo Airport and Zaka in South-Eastern Zimbabwe. Results found indicate the existence of some trends for all the stations and months. However, when subjected to a Mann-Kendel trend analysis, all the trends were found to be statistically not significant for all instances except for the month of October at the Zaka station. This month showed a significant trend of increasing proportional rainfall.

Climatic trends and soil moisture feedbacks over Zimbabwe

2005

The research focuses on an objective analysis of austral summer rainfall variability over Zimbabwe as well as characterization of rainfall patterns and frequency analysis over southern Africa region. A statistical analysis of historical trends in climate extreme events is used and lays a foundation of projecting into future climates. A trend analysis I am grateful to the following for financial assistance throughout the period of this research: 1. BIOTA Southern Africa-an interdisciplinary research programme funded primarily by Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Resarch (BMBF) and administered through the University of Hamburg. 2. WRC-Water Research Commission on the K5/1154 project "The Dynamical Modelling of present and future climate system variability at inter-annual and inter-decadal time scales. 3. AIACC Project AF07-Funded through START. Development of Regional Climate Change Scenarios for Sub-Sahara Africa. I am most appreciative and indebted to my parents, for instilling the thirst for knowledge and pushing me into taking up this opportunity. Special thanks to my girl friend Stella T. Mavondo for all her patience, encouragement and unwavering love during this whole period of research. I am also indebted to Sepo Hachigonta for helping with printing out the final corrected copy whilst I was away. Lastly, I have also received invaluable support, suggestions and encouragement from family, friends and colleagues in CSAG, ZMS and ICTP.

An evaluation of the performances of Global Climate Models (GCMs) for predicting temperature and rainfall in Zimbabwe

A global climate model (GCM) should be able to reproduce features of the distribution of the regional to local-scale climate in which it is applied. Such features include: the climatological mean, correlation, monthly or daily variance, thresholds, extremes etc, of the distribution of climate variables of interest. Most researchers need to know how GCM simulations vary depending on climatic variables, the choice of GCM and place. These variations can be understood by studying the descriptive statistics above, and inference can be made based on these sample statistics. However, there is no standard approach to test the features above in order to determine the skill of GCMs. In this paper, we focus on correlation and regression to evaluate the performances of five coupled global climate models for simulating monthly rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures at five stations in northeastern Zimbabwe. We use observed historic climatic data (rainfall and air temperature) as well as down...

Statistical Analysis of Rainfall Trend for Volta Region in Ghana

International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2014

Climate change is global in nature, but potential changes are not expected to be globally uniform; rather, there may be dramatic regional differences. Considerable effort should be invested to understand climate change at the regional level. The study was conducted to establish the rainfall trends in Volta Region and also to provide the evidence of climate change by analyzing available rainfall record for 30-year period of 1981 to 2011. Records of monthly and yearly rainfall were obtained from the headquarters of Ghana Meteorological Department, Accra, for analysis. The region was grouped into three zones characteristic of the whole country, namely, coastal zone, middle zone, and northern zone, respectively. Graphs were constructed to illustrate the changing trends within the months and years of the zones. Statistical analysis (i.e., LSD, ANOVA) was performed to assess any significant difference among the three zones and within the months and years under study. Significant differenc...