Development of oral cancer screening test by detection of squamous cell carcinoma among exfoliated oral mucosal cells (original) (raw)
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Salivary biomarkers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Taiwanese population
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2016
This study evaluated the discriminatory power of salivary transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers in distinguishing oral cancer (OSCC) cases from controls and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD). A total of 180 samples (60 OSCC patients, 60 controls and 60 PMOD patients) were used in the study. Seven transcriptomic markers (IL-8, IL-1β, SAT1, OAZ1, DUSP1, S100P, H3F3A) were measured using quantitative real time PCR and two proteomic markers (IL-8 and IL-1β) were evaluated by ELISA. Among 7 transcriptomic markers, transcript level of DUSP1 was significantly lower in OSCC patients than in controls and PMOD patients. Between the proteomic markers, the protein concentration of IL-8 and IL-1β was significantly higher in OSCC patients than controls and dysplasia patients. Univariate fractional polynomial models revealed that salivary IL-8 protein has the highest AUC value between OSCC patients and controls (0.74) and between OSCC and PMOD patients (0.72). Applying a 2-markers frac...
Biomarkers profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Practica medicală, 2020
More than 95% of oral cancers are represented by squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Despite the serious progress concerning the oral cancer treatment made in the last decade, the OSCC prognosis remains poor. Currently, the OSCC detection and diagnosis is mainly based on clinical oral examination combined with biopsy for a histopathological examination if a suspect area is detected. Our study has included 20 patients (12 females and 8 males) diagnosed with OSCC. TAC, OXSR1 and MMP-9 were measured in the tumoral cells lysates by ELISA. Our results revealed that the MMP-9 levels were significantly and negatively correlated with OXSR1 levels. Also, our study results illustrated a significant positive correlation of TAC with OXSR1. In conclusion, corroborating our findings with literature reports, we can outline that OXSR1 and MMP-9, together, possibly, with TAC, could be regarded as new steps in order to elaborate diagnostic tools for early detection OSCC.
Frontiers in Immunology
IntroductionOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. A consistent part (70%) of all oral cancers is diagnosed at an advanced stage since available screening techniques are ineffective. Therefore, it would be urgent to improve them. The diagnostic gold standard is tissue biopsy with histological and immunohistochemical assessment. This method presents some limitations. Biopsy is invasive and the histopathological evaluation is semi-quantitative, and the absolute abundance of the target cannot be reliably determined. In addition, tissue is highly processed and may lead to loss of information of the natural state. The search for classical and new clinical biomarkers on fragments of tissue/cells collected with a cytobrush is a highly hopeful technique for early detection and diagnosis of OSCC, because of its non-invasive sampling and easy collection method.MethodsHere we analyzed cytobrush biops...
Oral squamous cell carcinoma detection by salivary biomarkers in a Serbian population
Oral Oncology, 2011
Early detection of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is the key to improve the low 5-year survival rate. Using proteomic and genomic technologies we have previously discovered and validated salivary OSCC markers in American patients. The question arises whether these biomarkers are discriminatory in cohorts of different ethnic background. Six transcriptome (DUSP1, IL8, IL1B, OAZ1, SAT1, S100P) and three proteome (IL1B, IL8, M2BP) biomarkers were tested on 18 early and 17 late stage OSCC patients and 51 healthy controls with quantitative PCR and ELISA. Four transcriptome (IL8, IL1B, SAT1, S100P) and all proteome biomarkers were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in OSCC patients. The combination of markers yielded an AUC of 0.86, 0.85 and 0.88 for OSCC total, T1-T2, and T3-T4 respectively. The sensitivity/specificity for OSCC total was Δ 0.89/0.78, for T1-T2 0.67/0.96, and for T3-T4 0.82/0.84. In conclusion, seven of the nine salivary biomarkers (3 proteins and 4 mRNAs) were validated and performed strongest in late stage cancer. Patient-based salivary diagnostics is a highly promising approach for OSCC detection. This study shows that previously discovered and validated salivary OSCC biomarkers are discriminatory and reproducible in a different ethnic cohort. These findings support the feasibility to implement multi-center, multi-ethnicity clinical trials towards the pivotal validation of salivary biomarkers for OSCC detection.
A Review of Salivary Biomarker: A Tool for Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis
Advanced Biomedical Research, 2017
The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common epithelial malignancies with signifi cant morbidity and mortality. Recent observations indicate that the clinical and histological appearance of oral mucosa may not truly depict the damage occurring at the genetic level. This phenotypic and genotypic disparity may account in part for the failure to establish effective screening and surveillance protocols, based on the traditional clinical and microscopic examination. The tumor markers are playing an increasingly important role in cancer detection and management. These laboratory-based tests are potentially useful in screening for early malignancy, aiding in cancer diagnosis, determining prognosis, surveillance following curative surgery for cancer, up-front predicting drug response or resistance, and monitoring therapy in advanced disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the English titles listed in the PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Science Direct, ISI web Science, and SciELO databases using the keywords. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed. This article may help to identify the potential biomarkers for screening and the molecular pathology analysis in the high-risk patients with the OSCC.
Recent Trends in Screening of Oral Cancer
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2024
This Review focuses on the pressing global healthcare concerns surrounding the high prevalence of oral carcinoma and its late-stage detection. The World Health Organization (WHO) prioritizes early diagnosis and prevention of oral cancer, emphasizing the significance of timely oral screenings for understanding disease prognosis. Detecting crucial signs and symptoms during initial oral screening significantly enhances patient survival rates. Contributing factors to elevated mortality and morbidity include socioeconomic elements, insufficient public awareness, as well as basic medical shortages. While visual examination is conventionally employed to In the presence of risk factors, keep track of client survival, its clinical utility is limited. To address this, efficient screening tools are needed to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, providing early information about oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Optical imaging techniques such as tissue-fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography show promise. Oral cancer ranks as the sixth most frequent cancer globally, primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma. Detection methods include comprehensive clinical examinations, costly biochemical tests, and invasive biopsies. Saliva emerges as a noninvasive, promising diagnostic fluid for early oral cancer detection. This Review emphasizes its potential, containing a variety of biomarkers (DNA, RNA, and protein indicators) that help with early diagnosis. Direct contact with oral cancer lesions improves the specificity and sensitivity of saliva for screening. Numerous salivary biomarkers have been found, including defensin-1, P53, and cells (IL-8, IL-1b, and TNF-a). However, further research is needed for clinical validation. Late-stage oral cancer diagnosis contributes to elevated mortality rates. Early detection and treatment remain crucial for improved patient outcomes. Spectroscopy, salivary proteomics, toluidine blue staining, auto fluorescence, brush biopsy, DNA analysis, and biomarkers are a few noninvasive techniques that show potential. Nanotechnology-based detection systems, utilizing nanoparticles, offer highly sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques, potentially revolutionizing oral cancer management.
Egyptian Dental Journal
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major oral cancer representative. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (Scc-AG) is detected in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tissues and other different tissues. It has been used as a biomarker for OSCC and hence the aim of this study was to detect if Scc-Ag can differentiate between malignant lesions and suspicious chronic inflammatory lesions.. Methods: Forty-five participants divided into OSCC group and two control groups: oral lichen planus as an inflammatory disease (positive control) and healthy volunteers (negative control). Clinical staging and grading of OSCC was recorded. A double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the level of Scc-AG in serum and saliva. Results: Statistically significant difference for serum and salivary Scc-Ag, was found between the groups; OSCC, OLP on one hand and healthy controls on the other hand. No statistically significant difference was found between OSCC and OLP control groups in serum levels, while for salivary Scc-Ag a statistically significant difference was found between these two groups, with the higher values in OLP. Staging and grading in OSCC group were not found to be related to Scc-Ag level. Conclusion: Serum Scc-Ag cannot be used as a biomarker to differentiate between oral malignant and chronic inflammatory lesions. Salivary Scc-Ag is more reliable than serum Scc-Ag in differential diagnosis of OSCC.
Oral Diseases, 2013
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with potentially malignant disorders (PMD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), or status-post (SP) OSCC. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood was collected from 47 patients, either controls or diagnosed with PMD, OSCC, or SPOSCC. Levels of cytokines and tumor marker were evaluated by ELISAs. Normal levels were based on previous studies and pathology determined by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Above normal levels of SCCA were found for OSCC and dysplasia patients (33.3% and 11.1%, respectively) and high range of normal (upper 20% of the normal range) for lichen planus, SPOSCC, and dysplasia patients (6.67%, 33.3%, and 22.2%, respectively), differences that approached statistical significance (P = 0.055). No differences were found between groups for other tested markers. A progression was seen for SCCA from high range of normal in SPOSCC to a mixture of high normal and elevated in dysplasia to elevated in active OSCC, suggesting that SCCA may be correlated with cancer progression. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of serum SCCA may serve as a marker for dysplasia and progression to oral carcinogenesis.