Evaluation of Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Clinical and Community Samples in Ibadan South-West, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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The aims of this study were to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profile of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus strains isolated from clinical specimens, and to find out a possible relationship between plasmids profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Staphylococcus strains were isolated from different clinical specimens from different hospitals and primary health care centers. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus isolates was determined using disc diffusion method against 10 commonly used antimicrobial drugs. Plasmid DNA was extracted from lysed Staphylococcus cells using Plasmid Miniprep kit, and visualized using Agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that isolated strains of Staphylococcus were resistant to Penicillin (61%), Erythromycin (45%), Chloramphenicol (21%) and Co-trimoxazole (15%). Plasmid analysis of clinical isolates showed the presence of 0 to 3 plasmids with size range of 2 to 31 Kb, as compared to control Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 which showed 4 plasmids (size range of 2 to 21 Kb). The results obtained in this study showed no direct correlation between the patterns of antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles.
Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences
aureus, is an important human pathogen and commensal that is responsible for infections ranging from minor to deep-seated life-threatening conditions. Multi-drug resistant S. aureus or MRSA is a major cause of hospital acquired infection (HAIs) or nosocomial infections with consequential reduction in treatment options and overtly increased cost of healthcare, morbidity and mortality. The study was conceived to determine the contribution of curable transmissible plasmids to the ever-increasing proportion of multi-drug resistant S. aureus at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. A total of 448 consecutive multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected, confirmed by SCT and TCT and resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Each isolate was inoculated into Mueller-Hinton Broth containing 100 µg/mL acridine orange and incubated at 37oC for 24 h. Each broth culture was subsequently sub-cultured onto blood agar plates and incubated at 37oC for 2...
African Health Sciences, 2016
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is often responsible for fatal infections and recent upsurge of resistant strains has resulted in therapeutic failure. The identification of this microorganism is a major challenge to medical microbiologists in developing countries. Methods: One hundred and eighty five isolates which had been previously isolated from the nares of 185 healthy college students' volunteers in Amassoma, Bayelsa State, South Nigeria were identified by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, and PCR amplification of the spa gene. The identified isolates were compared with presumptive identities obtained by growth on MSA, tube coagulation and slide agglutination tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer technique while MRSA was screened for by growth on chromIDTM MRSA plate and confirmed by PCR-amplification of mecA/mecC genes. Results: From the 185 staphylococci that grew with yellow colonies on MSA, 24 were positive in the slide coagulase test, while 17 were positive in the tube coagulase test; MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and PCR amplification of the spa gene showed excellent concordance with the tube test, as all tube coagulase-positive strains were identified as S. aureus, while tube coagulase-test negative isolates in all cases were designated as other staphylococcal species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and were spa PCR test negative. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to clindamycin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, rifampicin and linezolid, while observed resistance to penicillin and trimethoprim were high. Only one MRSA strain was detected Conclusion: The study confirms that the tube coagulase test is an accurate diagnostic method for identification of S. aureus, while growths on MSA and slide agglutination tests are inaccurate. We found a low prevalence of MRSA and a high rate of trimethroprim-resistance in the studied population.
2017
Aims: Several studies have documented Staphylococcus aureus as a leading pathogen implicated in wound infections with a remarkable potential for antibiotics resistance. This study determined the susceptibility patterns of S. aureus isolated from wound infections to conventional antibiotics and assessed the plasmid profile of selected multidrug resistant isolates. Study Design: This study was designed to determine the antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infections. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in the Methodology: Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from wound swab samples of a total of 248 patients (116 males and 132 females within the age range of 5-63 years) using standard bacteriological procedures. Susceptibility profile of the isolates to commercially available antibiotics Original Research Article Oluyele and Oladunmoye; JAMB, 3(4): 1-8, 2017; Article no.JAMB.33879 2 was determined using disc diffusion method. Plasmid profiling and curing were carried out for selected multidrug resistant isolates. Results: This study revealed that males had a lower percentage occurrence (44.04%) of S. aureus in wounds, while females had a higher percentage occurrence (55.96%). Many of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance to many of the conventional antibiotics used. Compared to other conventional antibiotics employed in this study, the isolates displayed the lowest percentage resistance to Vancomycin 3 (2.75%); and highest percentage resistance to Erythromycin 56 (51.38%). Multiple plasmids were discovered in the selected multidrug resistant isolates. Conclusion: Compared to other antibiotics used in this study, Ofloxacin and Vancomycin showed better efficacy against the tested isolates. However, there is need for development of alternative drugs to increase the treatment options for multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2015
The aim of this work was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates from orthopaedic patients and their plasmid carriage. A total number of 39 S. aureus were isolated from wound, skin and bed of orthopaedic patients in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria with the use of API STAPH identification kit. Antibiotics susceptibility test was done using disc agar diffusion test, plasmid analysis was also carried out. A high percentage (97.4%) of the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to both vancomycin and gentamicin followed by ciprofloxacin (94.9%) and pefloxacin (84.6%). The S. aureus isolates were highly resistant to the following antibiotics: ampicilin (94.9%), ceftriaxone (79.5%), cefoxitin (64.1%) and amoxicillin - clavulanic acid (59%). The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 29.4% of S. aureus with plasmids were multi-drug resistant being resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. In the plasmid ana...
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli has become increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical importance. A total of 18 isolates comprising of 10 (55.6%) S. aureus, 6 (33.3%) P. aeruginosa and 2 (11.1%) E. coli were recovered from 15 pus samples of wound patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki I (FETHA I) and Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki II (FETHA II). All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. S. aureus showed the highest susceptibility percentage of 80.0% to ciprofloxacin, followed by 60.0% to augmentin and 50.0% to streptomycin, while the highest resistance percentage was obtained with lincocin (100.0%), followed by ampiclox (80.0%). P. aeruginosa showed the highest susceptibility percentage of 83.3% to ciprofloxacin, followed by 66.6% to streptomycin and gentamycin (66.6%), while the highest resistance percentage was obtained with streptomycin (33.3%) and gentamycin (33.3%). E. coli showed the highest susceptibility percentage to gentamycin and streptomycin with 100% activity. The antibiotics with reasonable resistant profile was observed in 10 isolates (5 S. aureus, 5 P. aeruginosa and 1 E. coli) with isolate code which showed resistance to atleast 5 antibiotics, hence this isolates were subjected to plasmid profile analysis. Only three isolates (S 1 , S 4 and Ec 1) showed the presence of plasmids within the range of 1.8 kbp to 10.4 kbp. Hence antibiotic resistance of an organism does not always confer the presence of plasmid.
Antimicrobial resistance markers distribution in Staphylococcus aureus from Nsukka, Nigeria
BMC infectious diseases, 2024
Background Multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus continues to influence treatment complications in clinical settings globally. Multidrug-resistant-S. aureus (MDR-SA) is often genetically driven by resistance markers transferable in pathogenic strains. This study aimed to determine the distribution of resistance markers in clinical isolates of S. aureus in Nsukka, Nigeria. Methods A total of 154 clinical samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar. Isolates were characterized using conventional cultural techniques and confirmed by PCR detection of S. aureus-specific nuc gene. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined against selected antibiotics using the disk-diffusion method, while screening for antibiotic resistance genes (Mec A, Erm A, Erm B, Erm C, Van A, and Van B) was by PCR. Results A total of 98 isolates were identified as S. aureus by conventional methods. Of these, 70 (71.43%) were confirmed by PCR. Phenotypically, the isolates exhibited high degrees of resistance to oxacillin (95.72%), erythromycin (81.63%), and ertapenem (78.57%) and 75.51% and 47.30% against methicillin and vancomycin, respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of the isolates ranged from 0.3 to 1, and the most prevalent pattern of resistance was oxacillin-ertapenem-vancomycin-erythromycin-azithromycin-clarithromycin-ciprofloxacin-cefoxitin-amoxicillinclavulanic acid. PCR screening confirmed the existence of various antibiotic resistance makers among the strains, with the most common resistance genes found in the isolates being Mec A (32.14%), Van A (21.43%), Van B (10.71%), Erm B (10.71%), and Erm C (17.86%). None possessed the Erm A gene. Conclusion The study supports the need for necessary action, including rational drug use, continuous surveillance, and deployment of adequate preventive and curative policies and actions.
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2023
Background: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections from mild skin and soft tissue to severe life-threatening bacteremia. The pathogenicity of S. aureus infections is related to various bacterial surface components and extracellular proteins such as toxic-shock syndrome (TSS) toxin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). In this study we determine the antimicrobial resistance of isolated strains and their virulence genes in Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 190 archived S. aureus isolates from four Ethiopia Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance sites were analyzed. The identification of S. aureus was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF Biotyper) and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was done using VITEK ® 2. Multiplex PCR was used to detect mecA, mecC, pvl and spa genes and super-antigens (sea, seb, sec, seh and sej staphylococcal enterotoxins). Results: A total of 172 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus, 9 (5.23%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 163 (94.76%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). AST showed that 152 (88.4%) isolates were resistant to penicillin; 90 (52.32%) resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; and 45 (26.16%) resistant to tetracycline. A total of 66 (38.37%) isolates harbored at least one staphylococcal enterotoxin gene and 31 (46.96%) isolates had more than one. The most frequent enterotoxin gene encountered was seb 28 (16.28%). The TSST-1 gene was detected in 23 (13.37%). Presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin gene showed significant association with antibiotic resistance to cefoxitin, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and SXT. The pvl gene was detected in 102 (59.3%) of isolates. Isolates from patients below 15 years of age showed significantly high numbers of pvl gene (P = 0.02). Presence of sej (P = 0.011) and TSST-1 (P <0.001) genes were associated with the presence of pvl gene. Conclusion: In this study, isolates were highly resistant to oral antibiotics and the pvl, seb, sea and TSST-1 genes were prevalent.
International journal of sciences, 2016
Widespread use of antibiotics has been responsible for the development of numerous problems including the emergence of multi-drug resistance bacteria and increased number of hospital acquired infections with increase health care costs. Eight hundred and fifty samples of different cultures were taken from clinical and non- clinical sources. The clinical sources were the routine specimens of wound swabs, urine, stool, blood and sputum from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile–Ife. The non-clinical samples were obtained from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy food handlers at restaurants in Obafemi Awolowo University campus and food vendors in Ile–Ife central market. Samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48 hours. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified based on mannitol fermentation, Gram’s reaction, positive results for catalase, coagulase ...
Highland Medical Research Journal, 2019
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most highly resistant bacterial pathogens that have been increasingly reported around the world. This study focused on the isolation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Osun State Specialist hospital, Asubiaro environment, Osogbo, Osun state. Methods: A total of 36 swab samples were collected from different spots within the units/wards of the hospital and susceptibility test was carried out on identified S.aureus using disc diffusion method. The susceptibility results were interpreted using CLSI, 2011 criteria. Results: Out of a total of 269 S.aureus isolates, 47 isolates demonstrated hemolysis. 32(68.08%) strains out of 47 hemolytic isolates demonstrated beta-hemolysis while 15(31.91%) strains demonstrated alpha-hemolysis. The percentage distribution of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that the hemolytic strains were mostly resistant to Ampicillin (100.00%), Tetracycline (78.12%), Chloramphenicol (56.25%), Ciprofloxacin (34.38%) and the least was Gentamicin (15.62%). Conclusion: There is the need for consistent ongoing antimicrobial surveillance for important and commonly isolated clinically significant pathogens of Staphylococcal species to form the basis for developing and implementing measures that can reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance and prevent a possible impending public health problem. The study therefore evaluated the incidence of hemolytic strain and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the hospital environment.