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Volume comparison of DC-DC converters for electric vehicles
One of the main problems in autonomous electric vehicles is the volume of the electrical systems, because bulky components carry additional mass and high cost to the total system. Consequently, Interleaving phases and magnetic coupling techniques have been reported as effective methods for increasing the power density of the DC-DC converters that interface the storage unit with the electric motor. However, there are several converter topologies that use these techniques. Therefore, a volume assessment of these topologies is required in order to have a complete understanding when an electric power train is designed. In this paper, a volume modeling methodology is introduced with the purpose of comparing four different DC-DC converter topologies: Single-Phase Boost, Two-Phase Interleaved with non-coupled inductor, Loosely Coupled Inductor (LCI) and Integrated Winding Coupled Inductor (IWCI). This analysis considers the volume of magnetic components, power devices (conventional and next-generation), cooling devices and capacitors. As a result, interleaving phases and magnetic coupling techniques were validated as effective to downsize power converters. In particular, it was found that LCI and IWCI converters offer lower volume in comparison with other topologies.
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Electronics
Globally, the research on electric vehicles (EVs) has become increasingly popular due to their capacity to reduce carbon emissions and global warming impacts. The effectiveness of EVs depends on appropriate functionality and management of battery energy storage. Nevertheless, the battery energy storage in EVs provides an unregulated, unstable power supply and has significant voltage drops. To address these concerns, power electronics converter technology in EVs is necessary to achieve a stable and reliable power transmission. Although various EV converters provide significant contributions, they have limitations with regard to high components, high switching loss, high current stress, computational complexity, and slow dynamic response. Thus, this paper presents the emerging trends in analytical assessment of power electronics converter technology incorporated energy storage management in EVs. Hundreds (100) of the most significant and highly prominent articles on power converters f...
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Realistic Power Electronics Converters for Electric Vehicles
Increasing the carbon emission in environment has become a major concern for the government. For promoting a clean and green environment with reduction in carbon emission by vehicles, the Government of India aspires with 100 percent electric passenger vehicle mobility by the year 2030 in the country. There is an essential requirements for fast charging stations to meet this demand as large numbers of electric vehicles to be running on the roads. In this paper, we review the state of the art in electric vehicles (EVs) charging topologies which will be necessary to support future EV refueling. Some power converter topologies are also reviewed appropriate to deliver the fast charging. DC-DC universal converter is unified converter for charging the battery and power management on buck/boost plugin operations of EVs. SiC and GaN devices are attractive to be used in the fast charging due to lower switching loss, faster switching frequency and higher operating temperature.
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Energies
This article reviews the design and evaluation of different DC-DC converter topologies for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The design and evaluation of these converter topologies are presented, analyzed and compared in terms of output power, component count, switching frequency, electromagnetic interference (EMI), losses, effectiveness, reliability and cost. This paper also evaluates the architecture, merits and demerits of converter topologies (AC-DC and DC-DC) for Fast Charging Stations (FCHARs). On the basis of this analysis, it has found that the Multidevice Interleaved DC-DC Bidirectional Converter (MDIBC) is the most suitable topology for high-power BEVs and PHEVs (> 10kW), thanks to its low input current ripples, low output voltage ripples, low electromagnetic interference, bidirectionality, high efficiency and high reliability. In contrast, for low-power electric vehicles (<10 kW), it is tough to recommend a single candida...
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POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES USED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES
With the increasing interests on energy efficiency, energy cost, and environmental protection, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) technology has been obvious nowadays. Based on the air pollution regulations in the USA and Europe as well as a lot of countries in the world, the fossil-fueled vehicles have been targeted as the major source of emissions that create air po llution leading to the global warming crisis. The oil resources in the earth are limited and the new discoveries of it are at a slower pace than the increase in demand especially with the increase in the world population so that the need for alternatives is becoming crucial. The technologies involved in EVs are diversified and include electrical and electronics engineering, mechanical engineering, automotive engineering, and chemical engineering. EVs depend on which called electric propulsion, in which an electric motor is used to drive the vehicle instead of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the energy sources are batteries, fuel cells, or capacitors instead of gasoline or diesel fuel in the conventional ICE vehicles. Thus, power electronics technology plays an important role in the electrical propulsion system in order to efficiently drive the electric motor of the vehicle and control the power converters and the associated electronic circuits. An overview of the current status of power electronic drives for EVs and recent research trends in EV motors, power converters, and energy storage systems will be discussed. Challenges associated with designing, controlling, and operating the power electronic converters used in EVs will be also discussed showing the latest achievements in this field. Challenges and problems associated with power electronic converters will be discussed also.
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Electronics, 2021
Electric vehicles are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emissions. The effectiveness of electric vehicles depends on proper interfacing between energy storage systems and power electronics converters. However, the power delivered by energy storage systems illustrates unstable, unregulated and substantial voltage drops. To overcome these limitations, electric vehicle converters, controllers and modulation schemes are necessary to achieve a secured and reliable power transfer from energy storage systems to the electric motor. Nonetheless, electric vehicle converters and controllers have shortcomings including a large number of components, high current stress, high switching loss, slow dynamic response and computational complexity. Therefore, this review presents a detailed investigation of different electric vehicle converters highlighting topology, features, components, operation, strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, this...
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Power Electronics Converters for Electric Vehicle Auxiliaries: State of the Art and Future Trends
Energies
Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to take over the transportation and mobility market over traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles soon. The internal power demands of EVs are expected to increase. The reason for this is to achieve a longer driving range for the EV and to provide the required power for the low-voltage (LV) network auxiliary loads. To illustrate, there are extra added sensors, cameras, and small actuating motors, especially for future autonomous vehicles. Therefore, a new electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture is required to convert the high-voltage (HV) traction battery voltage (e.g., 320–800 V DC) to the standard LV levels with high current ratings of 5 kW and more. This HV-LV DC-DC converter is known in the literature as an auxiliary power module (APM). The standard LV rails in an EV are the 12 V/24 V rail to supply for an instant the EV’s lighting and electronic control units (ECUs), while the 48 V rail is required for propulsive loads, such as ...
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A Review of DC-AC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications
Energies 2022, 15(3), 1241, 2022
This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of multidisciplinary technologies in electric vehicles. Because the electric vehicle market will expand dramatically in the coming few years, research accomplishments in power electronics technology for electric vehicles will be highly attractive. Challenges in power electronics technology for driving electric vehicles, charging batteries, and circuit topologies are being explored. This paper aims primarily to address the practical issues of the future electric vehicles and help researchers obtain an overview of the latest techniques in electric vehicles, focusing on power electronics-based solutions for both current and future electric vehicle technologies. In this work, different medium-and high-voltage DC-AC inverter topologies are investigated and compared in terms of power losses and component requirements. Recent research on electric vehicle power converters is also discussed, with highlighting on soft-switching and multilevel inverters for electric vehicle motor drives. In this paper, a methodical overview and general classification of DC-AC power converters are presented. In specific topologies, drawbacks such as voltage stresses on active switches and control complications may occur, which can make them difficult for immediate commercialization. However, various modified circuit topologies have been recommended to overcome these drawbacks and enhance the system performance.
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