Experimental Study of Water Hammer Pressure in a Commercial Pipe (original) (raw)
Related papers
Water Hammer Analysis by Characteristic Method
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2008
Rapid changes in the velocity of fluid in closed conduits generate large pressure, which are transmitted through the system with the speed of sound. When the fluid medium is a liquid the pressure surges and related phenomena are described as water hammer. Water hammer is caused by normal operation of the system, such as valve opening or closure, pump starts and stoppages and by abnormal condition, such as power failure. Problem statement: Water hammer causes the additional pressure in water networks. This pressure maybe defects on pipes and connections. The likely effects of water hammer must be taken into account in the structural design of pipelines and in the design of operating procedures for pumps, valves, etc. Approach: The physical phenomena of water hammer and the mathematical model which provides the basis for design computations are described. Most water hammer analysis involves computer solution by the method of characteristics. In this study water hammer is modelled with this method and effect of valve opening and closure will be surveyed with a program that is used for this purpose and with a numerical example. Results: The more rapid the closure of the valve, the more rapid is the change in momentum and hence, greater is the additional pressure developed. Conclusions/Recommendations: For preventing of water hammer defects, is recommended that valves should be open or closed slowly. Also with using the method of characteristics, we can modelled all pipe networks, and see the affects of water hammer.
Investigation of Water Hammer Effect Through Pipeline System
— This paper we study the condition where the water hammer effect is occurs in pipe line. Water hammer can cause the pipe to break if the pressure is high enough. The experiment will be setup to investigate the water hammer effect in order to avoid the water hammer effect happen. The prevention of water hammer effect will be propose and prove the prevention method is successfully reduce the water hammer effect. The prevention method using is installing the bypass pipe with non-return valve. The experiment is done by capture the vibration signal by using data acquisition device and accelerometer. The pressure signal is capture after a sudden shutoff for the valve. The signal is than analyze and convert to wave speed. The project is differentiating and compares the water hammer phenomenon with different pipe material, pipe length, inlet diameter of pipe, and pressure in pipeline. From the experiment, result shown that the lower strength material pipe, smaller inlet diameter pipe, and longer pipe will deal with lager water hammer effect. Besides, the prevention method by installing by pass pipe with non-return valve of water hammer effect is proved successfully reduce the water hammer phenomenon by 33.33% of pressure.
The long term effect of hammer influenced in water pipe line (Case study
journal of civil and project , 2023
Due to the increase in population as well as the increasing of the human need for water, it is vital for preserving water resource in each area. In the meantime, Iran has been in a state of inaccurate crisis due to the excessive withdrawal of water resources. Therefore, it is important to maintain water resources. And, the traditional methods of water transfer (using open channels and ...) are replaced by new methods such as the use of a water supply pipe. These methods, in addition to cost, have many technical benefits. Including increased transmission efficiency, reduced water waste, as well as saving passive defense principles. Meanwhile, the use of GRP pipes, in the last 40 years, has led to a dramatic increase. Although the life period of these pipes in the our country will reach 53 years, the efficiency of these engineering pipes has become more and more enriched, reaching its true position in the country. Due to the great efforts of the responsible and informed management of some manufacturers of these products in the country, the optimal use of this type of pipes is increasing. In this regard, Farassan Co., as the flagship of this industry, has made endless efforts to update and improve the quality of pipes, and has made significant progress. One of the most important points in the use of GRP pipes in comparison with other pipes is the lack of knowledge and awareness of some customers about these pipes and products, which is always a concern for employers and consultants. In this paper, in addition to the proper introduction of GRP Pipes and their use in comparison with other PIPES, it has been tried to discuss the control and monitoring the of the Water hammer in these types of products. In this regard, in the case of a water pipeline project from Azadi dam to the plain of Hor as one of the most important projects of water transportation in Iran, is briefly introduced and analyzed according to the details. Finally, a briefly studying about control and effect of the hammer phenomenon on the GRP pipes in special project is perfectly discussed
The long term effect of hammer influenced in water pipe line (Case study: pipeline from Azadi to Hor
civil and project , 2023
Due to the increase in population as well as the increasing of the human need for water, it is vital for preserving water resource in each area. In the meantime, Iran has been in a state of inaccurate crisis due to the excessive withdrawal of water resources. Therefore, it is important to maintain water resources. And, the traditional methods of water transfer (using open channels and ...) are replaced by new methods such as the use of a water supply pipe. These methods, in addition to cost, have many technical benefits. Including increased transmission efficiency, reduced water waste, as well as saving passive defense principles. Meanwhile, the use of GRP pipes, in the last 40 years, has led to a dramatic increase. Although the life period of these pipes in the our country will reach 53 years, the efficiency of these engineering pipes has become more and more enriched, reaching its true position in the country. Due to the great efforts of the responsible and informed management of some manufacturers of these products in the country, the optimal use of this type of pipes is increasing. In this regard, Farassan Co., as the flagship of this industry, has made endless efforts to update and improve the quality of pipes, and has made significant progress. One of the most important points in the use of GRP pipes in comparison with other pipes is the lack of knowledge and awareness of some customers about these pipes and products, which is always a concern for employers and consultants. In this paper, in addition to the proper introduction of GRP Pipes and their use in comparison with other PIPES, it has been tried to discuss the control and monitoring the of the Water hammer in these types of products. In this regard, in the case of a water pipe line project from Azadi dam to the plain of Hor as one of the most important projects of water transportation in Iran, is briefly introduced and analyzed according to the details. Finally, a briefly studying about control and effect of the hammer phenomenon on the GRP pipes in special project is perfectly discussed.
An Analysis of the Impact of Valve Closure Time on the Course of Water Hammer
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics, 2016
The knowledge of transient flow in pressure pipelines is very important for the designing and describing of pressure networks. The water hammer is the most common example of transient flow in pressure pipelines. During this phenomenon, the transformation of kinetic energy into pressure energy causes significant changes in pressure, which can lead to serious problems in the management of pressure networks. The phenomenon is very complex, and a large number of different factors influence its course. In the case of a water hammer caused by valve closing, the characteristic of gate closure is one of the most important factors. However, this factor is rarely investigated. In this paper, the results of physical experiments with water hammer in steel and PE pipelines are described and analyzed. For each water hammer, characteristics of pressure change and valve closing were recorded. The measurements were compared with the results of calculations perfomed by common methods used by engineer...
IAETSD-Design and Analysis of Water Hammer Effect in a Network of Pipelines.
There will be a chance for the destruction of the system due to transient if it is not provided with adequate protection devices. Generally, transient takes place when parameters involving in conventional flow are distorted with respect to the time. Rapid closing of valve in a pipe network will be resulting into hydraulic transient known as water hammer occurs due to sudden change in pressure and velocity of flow with respect to time. Due to impulsive action, pressure surges are induced in the system travel along the pipe network with the rapid fluid acceleration leading to the dramatic effects like pipe line failure, damage to the system etc. Considering the importance of hydraulic transient analysis, we design a system capable of verifying pipe network containing fluid flow.This paper demonstrates design of different pipe structures in pipe line network and analysis of various parameters like excess pressure distribution, velocity variations and water hammer amplitude with respect to time using COMSOL Multiphysics v 4.3. The magnitude of water transient in pipe line network at different pressure points has been discussed in detail.
Sensitivity Analysis for Water Hammer Problem in Pipelines
Iranica Journal of energy and environment, 2014
Water hammer is a transient flow in pipes that was created by sudden changes of velocity in pipe lines. This phenomenon can cause strong positive and negative pressures in water conveyance pipes and usually it poses pipeline to danger. Overall, water hammer creates by rapidly closing valves, shutting off or suddenly restarting pumps. It has destructive hydrodynamic effects in pressurized pipelines. In this study, governing equations of water hammer is numerically simulated using MATLAB software. Then, the sensitivity analysis in negative and positive pressures by changing some variables such as pipe diameter, pipe length and also wave velocity in pipe was investigated. Numerical simulation is based on characteristic method. Sensitivity analysis help designers to have well understand of water hammer phenomenon.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF CHANGING THE PIPE MATERIAL ON THE PROPAGATION OF THE PRESSURE WAVE DURING WATER HAMMER, 2018
Aim of the paper is to present the results studying the water hammer phenomenon in pipes made of different materials, and to show the impact of changing the type of material of the pipe on the velocity of the pressure wave during the transient flow in the pipes. In terms of research material and methods, pipes made of galvanized steel and high-density polyethylene were tested. Measurements were made using strain gauges with a high accuracy of measurement. The results of the pressure wave velocity range from 205 to 247 m/s for the polyethylene pipe, and from 426 to 1351 m/s for the steel pipe. Therefore, the change in the type of the pipe material has a significant effect on the velocity of the pressure wave during the water hammer. The value of this velocity is influenced not only by the properties of the material itself or of the liquid, but also of the length of the sections and their position relative to each other. It is evident that the velocity in the polyethylene pipe does not change significantly in relation to the situation where the pipe has constant material characteristics. The situation is radically different in the case of a steel pipe, where the velocity of the pressure wave changes along with the length of the pipe and its position relative to the tank. The lowest value of the velocity in the elastic pipe is achieved when the latter is on the valve side and is only 13.15 m long, while the highest value is reached when the 13.24 m steel pipe is located on the side of the tank.
Some aspects of physical and numerical modeling of water hammer in pipelines
Nonlinear Dynamics, 2009
In this work, a computational method was used for the prediction of water transmission failure. The proposed method allowed for any arbitrary combination of devices in the water pipeline system. The method used was by a scale model and a prototype (real) system for a city main water pipeline where transient flow was caused by the failure of a transmission system.