(2018) The import and distribution of eastern amphorae within the Rhine provinces (original) (raw)
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BRUN, GARNIER, OLCESE 2020. A. Making Wine in Western-Mediterranean. B. Production and the Trade of Amphorae: some new data from Italy, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology - Panel 3.5 (Cologne-Bonn 22-26 May 2018), 2020
Archaeological and archaeometric studies carried out in the last few years as part of the “Immensa Aequora” Project (www.immensaaequora.org) focused on centres for producing wine amphorae and ceramics in the area of the Tyrrhenian Sea, particularly Latium and Campania. Parallel studies are in the process of reviewing the cargoes of some western-Mediterranean shipwrecks, dating to between the 3rd century B.C. and the 1st century A.D, which were transporting wine in amphorae from Tyrrhenian production centres. The present contribution promises to present a summary of these studies, with particular attention to production in Campania and some in Latium from the 3rd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D. The use of laboratory analyses (chemical and mineralogical) lets us establish some reference groups for the main production sites. Meanwhile, residue analysis, carried out for now on the Greco-Italic amphorae of some shipwrecks (3rd century B.C.) produced in the Gulf of Naples, has made it possible to confirm the presence of red wine on the interior of some types of amphorae.
Bentz, M., Heinzelmann, M. (Eds.): Sessions 11-12, Single Contributions - Poster Sessions, Heidelberg: Propylaeum, 2023 (Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World – Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Cologne/Bonn 2018), 2023
The amphorae production of the Tarraconensis central coast during the Early Empire is mainly linked to the wine trading, becoming apparent a clear predominance of Dressel 2¿-¿4 type, while other wine amphorae (Gauloise 4 and Almadrava IV) are only produced in the territorium of Dianium, as well as the oil amphorae Oliva 3. Although over the last years, the scientific community has shown a great interest in the studies focused on the production and trade of Roman amphorae in the Iberian Peninsula, the advances in the knowledge of Hispanic amphorae productions have been uneven, being the Tarraconensis northern coast and Baetica the best-known areas. On the contrary, amphorae production of the Tarraconensis central coast is less known, despite the fact that these containers would be traded in the western empire, as shown by classic authors' references and the amphorae findings. For this reason, a research programme has been started which intends to improve the knowledge of this production and its distribution: The ARCEA project.
PLOS ONE, 2023
We present novel insights into trade in amphorae-borne products over a 550-year period in Germania along the frontier of the Roman Empire, derived through probabilistic aoristic methods to study temporal changes in archaeological materials. Our data analysis reveals highly detailed differential patterns of consumption and production within the German market. We show how connections to far-flung regions such as the Eastern Mediterranean or the Iberian Peninsula wax and wane through time, and how the local German producers start to compete with these imported products. These chronological patterns provide important insight into a regional market within the larger Roman economy and provide an important case study in changing economic connections over a long period, demonstrating in a transparent and reproducible way a geographical and chronological pulsation in market activity that was otherwise unknown and undemonstrated.
Environmental Archaeology: The Journal of Human Palaeoecology (online). Routledge: 1-13., 2020
Amphorae are key materials in the investigation of the production and transport of goods in ancient times. For the Roman period, many typologies of amphorae are standardised and there are hypotheses concerning their uses and contents mainly based on the shape, provenance, tituli picti and, when preserved, the solid contents. However, there are still many amphora types that have to be investigated in order to better understand the economy of the regions where they were produced and filled. This is the case of the amphorae object of this paper: the so-called ovoid amphorae of Hispania Ulterior/Baetica. This paper presents new results of an interdisciplinary investigation aimed to discover the commodities contained in ovoid amphorae. This amphora type and its specific use have never been investigated, except for a preliminary test. Here, organic residues analysis of twenty-four amphorae produced in two different locations in Hispania Ulterior/Baetica (Bay of Cadiz and the Guadalquivir Valley) and excavated at the site of El Olivillo in Cadiz (Spain), are presented. The findings suggest that the majority of the amphorae were coated with abundant pitch derived from Pinaceae trees and that most of them contained grape derivatives, although other products were also identified. Not only is this documentation of Hispania Ulterior/Baetican wine production in the late Republican period important, but the use of ovoid amphorae for carrying wine is somewhat unexpected because it is usually thought that amphorae of this type in southern Italy and in the Corinthia probably carried olive oil.
A Case Study of Rhodian Wine Export in the Early Roman Empire
Skyllis, 2021
In 2010–2011, two ancient shipwrecks were discovered and documented by the E/V NAUTILUS expedition near Knidos at the western tip of the Datça peninsula in southwest Turkey. High-resolution imagery from both wreck sites permits a preliminary analysis of their cargoes. Knidos K was carrying three variants of Rhodian amphorae, while Knidos J, with its hull remains partially exposed, was carrying medium and large variants of the same amphora type. Kilns that manufactured these amphorae in the 1st and 2nd century AD are known in Rhodes, its Peraia, and in Caria. In spite of numerous discoveries of Roman Rhodian amphorae on land over the past four decades, however, shipwrecks with the same amphorae are rather rare. The type has been identified as singletons or in small groups on a few shipwrecks, and a few badly plundered sites appear to represent cargoes. Knidos J and K add important information regarding the local networks involved during the initial stages of distribution. The modest size of these ships would have allowed them to sail into and out of the many bays, harbors and makeshift ports that dot the coastlines of the Datça and Bozburun peninsulas. We speculate that they were loaded near their place of production and were destined for a large emporium such as Knidos or Rhodes to offload their consignment for transshipment elsewhere in the Empire but foundered in a heavily-trafficked maritime corridor known for occasional bad weather and navigational challenges.
Amphorae imports in the legionary fortresses of León (north Spain) from the Augustan period to late 1st century AD: a nuew pattern of military supply, Sautuola XXIV-XXV, 2019-2020, 249-268, 2019
Over the last decades, numerous amphorae fragments have been retrieved in the excavations carried out in the city of León (Spain) in the contexts corresponding to the 1st century AD, which correspond to the occupation of the León site by the legio VI victrix (change of Era – AD 68) and the first decades of the legio VII gemina camp after AD 74. The amphorae of the León camps show a great typological variety, confirming the consumption of wine and its by-products, olive oil, fish products and alum, as well as the origin of the amphorae. Their diachronic study informs us about a pattern of self-supply, which moves away from the civil consumption in Hispania. This study also presents considerable differences from that of the large legionary fortresses of the limes of Germania and Raetia, and at the same time it shows greater similarities with other camps closer to the southern transport networks. Based on the identification of a local or regional production of flat-bottomed amphorae and common ceramic bottles (intended for the internal redistribution of oil rations for the troops) different considerations are raised on the issue of supplies in perishable containers (skin flasks and barrels), providing new research paradigms.
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