CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY FLOW IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATOR (original) (raw)
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Applied Thermal Engineering, 2008
Taiwan is a small, densely populated island with unique experiences in the construction and operation of incinerators. In such a small area, Taiwan has built 22 incinerators over a short span of time, combusting large amount of municipal solid waste as much as 23,250 tons per day. This study focuses on the history of construction and development of incinerators in Taiwan as well as the characteristics of pollutants, such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg), acid gases (NO x , SO x , CO, and HCl), and dioxins emitted from the incinerators. Furthermore, the study also covers the generation and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW), and the production of energy in Taiwan. According to Taiwan's data on pollutant emissions, the emission level of pollutants is under control and meets the stringent regulations of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA). Researches have shown that using air pollution control devices (APCDs) in the operation of incinerators provides effective measures for air pollutant control in Taiwan. The main advantage of using incinerators is the generation of electricity (waste-to-energy) during the incineration of municipal solid waste, producing energy that can be consumed by the general public and the industry. Taiwan's extensive experience in incinerator construction and operation may serve as an example for developing countries in devising waste treatment technology, energy recovery, and the control of contagious viral diseases.
Environmental assessment of energy production from municipal solid waste incineration
The International Journal of Life Cycle …, 2007
Background, Aims and Scope. During the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW), energy is produced which can be utilized to generate electricity. However, electricity production from incineration has to be evaluated from the point view of the environmental performance. In this study, environmental impacts of electricity production from waste incineration plant in Thailand are compared with those from Thai conventional power plants.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant
2021
This study presents the design and testing of a waste-to-energy plant by incineration of small scale municipal solid waste to produce steam for electricity production. The average total waste generated within the study area was found to be 55,800kg/day, with an estimated calorific value of 13,958kJ/kg. The waste samples were collected, dried, shredded and weighed in order to reduce the moisture content to the acceptable minimum and decreases the surface area of the sample that will allow easier penetration of heat. The incinerator was designed using CATIA-5 software. The key performance indices of the developed plant are maximum furnace temperature, residence time, mass flow rate, steam pressures and amount of steam generated keeping the mass of waste constant per test but varying the air flow. The moving grate is inclined at an angle of 12° while the volume of the incineration combustion chamber was calculated to be 0.267m3. 150kg of small scale waste was fed into the combustion ch...
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Design: Basic Principles
2018
The paper presents some basics and the steps required when the design of an incinerator for heat recovery or waste treatment is being thought of. It is mostly important for designers in developing countries and students where the advanced design tools and computer modelling are not easily accessible. Waste management has become a major concern world‐wide and amidst various waste treatment methods like recycling, composting; incineration is the method that treats the non-reusable and non-organic portion of wastes. Incineration is a complex process due to the heterogonous nature of wastes. Incinerators cannot be designed properly without the knowledge of the combustion science involved and the characteristics of the wastes. Aspects of prime importance in design to be considered are: the incineration mechanisms and their selection, the grate firing systems, furnace geometries, secondary air injection, the 3Ts, the heating value or calorific value of the waste, theoretical Air to Fuel r...
2018
Rapid increase in urbanization and per capita income has lead to high rate of Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) generation (0.34kg/capita/day in 2016) and it is expected to have even higher rate of 0.70 kg/capita/day. In many developing countries solid waste is collected from the source and is disposed by open dumping. There is very minimal treatment and very less human control in open dumping. Open dumping has huge environmental impacts. Hence, a better approach to this situation is needed. Many methods like bioreactor landfill have been successfully implemented in many developing countries but these methods have large area demand and large operational and maintenance costs. Also, these methods are centralized incurring large transportation costs. Incineration is successfully practiced in many countries across the world. The high calorific values of the materials in the waste are used to generate thermal energy which can be further transformed to electrical energy. The flue gases can be t...
Case preliminary study for municipal waste incineration
Human activities in huge agglomerations generate important amounts of domestic waste and waste water that count on the municipality administration to be ecologically resolved. In this paper, it is proposed incineration unit architecture for removing the mud resulted from waste water treatment, completed with ordinary human generated pollutants, collected as solids. From basic physical principles, as mass balance, thermal balance, thermodynamic cycle for energy recovery in mechanical or electrical form and thermal heat energy indirect exchange, there is done an estimation of the energetic efficiency and energy rate produced.
Small Scale Incinerator for Domestic Hot Water Generation from Municipal Solid Wastes
A solid waste incinerator, which can be used for domestic hot water generation was designed, successfully constructed and tested. A simple scrubber was also devised and coupled to the hood for removal of noxious gases and other harmful emissions from the flue gases. Performance testing of the system was carried out while the characteristics of the scrubbed flue gases were monitored using UniGas 3000 series analyzer. Although the concentration of CO was above the allowable limits, most of the results showed that noxious and greenhouse gases in the flue gases are low, an indication that the system is preferable to open air burning. It could be very useful for domestic application in urban and semi-urban settlements, especially in school and college hostels where paper and other non toxic solid wastes are generated in large quantities.
Evergreen, 2024
The incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) effectively reduces waste and has a side product, such as electricity. The waste-to-energy (WTE) power plant in Bantargebang is the first national pilot plant facility in Indonesia using moving grate incinerator (MGI) technology, with a 100 tons/day design capacity and a maximum design of electricity power output of 750 kW. The main challenge of WTE in Indonesia is high moisture content (MC) and unsorted waste. Hence, it is imperative to include the pre-treatment facility through waste drying and sorting. In this work, over 241 working days from January to December 2022, approximately 15,451.35 tons of MSW (averaging 70.55 tons/day) have been incinerated at an average temperature of 613.8 o C. Waste pretreatment alleviates waste MC from 20.13% to 8.59%. This process achieves a significant waste mass reduction of 81.52-96.50%. In addition, the system generates superheated steam at maximum values of 5000 kg/h, 340 o C, and 38-39 barA. The total electrical energy generated (956.04 MWh) is used to supply the electrical energy demand of the internal plant operation (1368.78 MWh). Moreover, the wastewater and flue gas in this WTE have successfully been processed by the pollution control systems to meet national standards. The fly and bottom ash from MSW incineration have proven harmless and suitable for construction material or cement admixture. This work conclusively shows that WTE Bantargebang provides positive implementation in almost all aspects, encompasses a significant amount of waste reduction, satisfying incineration performance, a significant amount of electricity generated, and the environmental performance does not harm the surroundings. Related to the performance deficiencies found is expected can be a valuable input for WTE development in Indonesia.